UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
| (Mark One) | |||||
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31 , 2022
or
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
Commission File No. 1-38300
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (zip code) | ||||||||||
(702 ) 323-7330
_____________________________________
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company | |||||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the shares of Cannae common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2022, was $1,449,622,144 based on the closing price of $19.34 as reported by the New York Stock Exchange.
As of January 31, 2023 there were 76,257,828 shares of Cannae common stock outstanding.
The information in Part III hereof for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, will be filed within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year that is the subject of this Report.
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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i
PART I
Item 1. Business
Introductory Note
The following describes the business of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Except where otherwise noted, all references to "we," "us," "our," "Cannae", "Cannae Holdings", or the "Company," are to Cannae Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, taken together.
Company Background
On November 17, 2017, Fidelity National Financial, Inc. ("FNF", NYSE: FNF) redeemed each outstanding share of its FNF Ventures ("FNFV") Group common stock, par value $0.0001, for one share of common stock, par value $0.0001, of a newly formed entity, Cannae (the "Split-Off"). In conjunction with the Split-Off, FNF contributed to us its portfolio of companies unrelated to its primary insurance and real estate operations, which included majority and minority equity interests in a number of entities and certain fixed income investments. On November 20, 2017, Cannae common stock began "regular-way" trading on The New York Stock Exchange under the "CNNE" stock symbol.
Description of Business
We primarily acquire interests in operating companies and are engaged in actively managing and operating a core group of those companies, which we are committed to supporting for the long term. From time to time, we also seek to take meaningful equity ownership stakes where we have the ability to control or significantly influence quality companies, and we bring the strength of our operational expertise to each of our subsidiaries. We are a long-term owner that secures control and governance rights of other companies primarily to engage in their lines of business and we have no preset time constraints dictating when we sell or dispose of our businesses. We believe that our long-term ownership and active involvement in the management and operations of companies helps maximize the value of those businesses for our shareholders. Our primary assets as of December 31, 2022 include our ownership interests in Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. ("Dun & Bradstreet" or "D&B"); Ceridian HCM Holding, Inc. ("Ceridian"); Alight, Inc. ("Alight"); Paysafe Limited ("Paysafe"); Sightline Payments Holdings, LLC ("Sightline" or "Sightline Payments"); System1, Inc. ("System1"); Black Knight Football and Entertainment, LP ("BKFE"); Computer Services, Inc. ("CSI"); AmeriLife Group, LLC ("AmeriLife"); O'Charley's Holdings, LLC ("O'Charley's"); 99 Restaurants Holdings, LLC ("99 Restaurants"); and various other controlled portfolio companies and minority equity ownership interests.
The Company conducts its business through its wholly-owned subsidiary Cannae Holdings, LLC ("Cannae LLC"), a Delaware limited liability company. The Company’s board of directors ("Board") oversees the management of the Company, Cannae LLC and its businesses, and the performance of Trasimene Capital Management, LLC ("Trasimene" or our "Manager"). During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, the Company transitioned to an externally managed structure (such externalization of certain management functions, the "Externalization"). In connection with the Externalization, the Company, Cannae LLC, and our Manager entered into a Management Services Agreement dated as of August 27, 2019, as amended and restated on August 4, 2021 (as amended and restated, the "Management Services Agreement").
We believe our operating structure provides our investors with a compelling opportunity to participate in the acquisition, operation and growth of businesses by a world-class management team. Fundamentally, the Company seeks to take meaningful equity ownership stakes where we have an ability to control or significantly influence quality companies that are well-positioned in their respective industries, run by best-in-class management teams and that operate in industries that have attractive organic and acquired growth opportunities. Led by William P. Foley II ("Bill Foley") and facilitated through our Manager, we leverage our management team's operational expertise, long-term relationships and industry connections and capital sourcing capabilities to identify, structure and execute on ownership interests in companies with these characteristics.
Our management team has a proven track record of growing industry-leading companies, and we continuously work with and support management teams of the companies we own in managing, operating, and growing their businesses in order to provide value for our shareholders. Bill Foley-led management teams are responsible for the growth of publicly traded companies such as FNF, Black Knight, Inc. ("Black Knight", NYSE: BKI), Ceridian, D&B, Fidelity National Information Services ("FNIS", NYSE: FIS) and F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. ("FG", NYSE: FG), which collectively have a market capitalization of more than $85 billion.
As of December 31, 2022, we had the following reportable segments:
Dun & Bradstreet. This segment consists of our 18.1% ownership interest in D&B. Cannae's chairman Bill Foley and CEO Richard Massey serve on the board of directors of D&B. Dun & Bradstreet is a leading global provider of business decisioning data and analytics. Its mission is to deliver a global network of trust, enabling clients to transform uncertainty into confidence, risk into opportunity and potential into prosperity. Clients embed D&B's trusted, end-to-end solutions into their daily workflows to enhance salesforce productivity, gain visibility into key markets, inform commercial credit decisions and confirm
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that suppliers are financially viable and compliant with laws and regulations. Dun & Bradstreet's solutions support its clients’ mission critical business operations by providing proprietary and curated data and analytics to help drive informed decisions and improved outcomes.
Dun & Bradstreet is differentiated by the scale, depth, diversity and accuracy of its constantly expanding business database that contains comprehensive information on hundreds of millions of businesses. Access to longitudinal curated data is critical for global commerce, and with only a small percentage of the world’s businesses filing public financial statements, D&B data is a trusted source for reliable information about both public and private businesses. By building such a set of data over time, D&B was able to establish a unique identifier that creates a single thread connecting related corporate entities allowing its clients to form a holistic view of an enterprise. This unique identifier, which D&B refers to as the D-U-N-S Number, is a corporate ‘‘fingerprint’’ or ‘‘Social Security Number’’ of businesses. D&B believes that it is the only scale provider to possess both worldwide commercial credit data and comprehensive public records data that are linked together by a unique identifier allowing for an accurate assessment of public and private businesses globally. D&B generates its revenue primarily through subscription-based contractual arrangements that it enters into with its clients to provide data, analytics and analytics-related services either individually, or as part of an integrated offering of multiple services. These arrangements occasionally include offerings from more than one business unit to the same client.
We account for our ownership of Dun & Bradstreet using the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results of operations do not consolidate into ours.
Alight. This segment consists of our 9.7% ownership interest in Alight. Cannae's chairman Bill Foley, CEO Richard Massey and director Erika Meinhardt serve on the board of directors of D&B. Alight is a leading cloud-based provider of integrated digital human capital and business solutions. Alight has an unwavering belief that a company’s success starts with its people, and its solutions connect human insights with technology. Leveraging artificial intelligence and data analytics, Alight provides an integrated, personalized experience for employees using technology-driven solutions that aim to unlock value for employers. Alight believes its mission-critical solutions enable employees to enrich their health, wealth and wellbeing, which helps global organizations achieve a high-performance culture. Alight serves more than 36 million employees and family members from a broad range of clients, including Fortune 500 companies and mid-market businesses. Alight seeks to establish high-quality, strong, long-term relationships with its clients.
We account for our ownership of Alight using the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results of operations do not consolidate into ours.
Paysafe. This segment consists of our 5.6% ownership interest in Paysafe. Paysafe is a leading payments platform with an extensive track record of serving merchants and consumers in the global entertainment sectors. Its core purpose is to enable businesses and consumers to connect and transact seamlessly through industry-leading capabilities in payment processing, digital wallet, and online cash solutions.
We account for our ownership of Paysafe using the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results of operations do not consolidate into ours.
Restaurant Group. This segment consists of the operations of O'Charley's and 99 Restaurants in which we have 65.4% and 88.5% equity ownership interests, respectively. O'Charley's and 99 Restaurants and their affiliates are the owners and operators of the O'Charley's restaurant and Ninety Nine Restaurants restaurant concepts, respectively.
We account for our ownership of the Restaurant Group as a consolidated subsidiary.
Sightline. This segment consists of our 32.4% ownership interest in Sightline Payments. Sightline Payments is a leading digital payments provider and mobile application developer to the United States' sports betting and casino gaming market. Sightline leverages cutting-edge technology to apply modern solutions to a traditionally cash-based casino industry projected to grow significantly over the next few years. While much of the business world shifts to a cashless society, the casino gaming industry is known for being cash dominant. Sightline's mission is to be the preeminent partner in transitioning toward cashless casino gaming. Sightline’s Play+ solution gives consumers a safe, secure, and responsible way to fund their online and in-person gaming activities and enables casinos to offer cashless wagering and payment options across the entire property. With a large and expanding customer base and partners across the sports betting, lottery, racing, and online and brick-and-mortar casino markets, Sightline is uniquely positioned to transform the traditional gaming landscape.
We account for our ownership of Sightline using the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results of operations do not consolidate into ours.
Corporate and Other. This aggregation of nonreportable operating segments consists of our share in the operations of controlled and uncontrolled portfolio companies including our 3.9% ownership interest in Ceridian, 24.0% ownership interest in System1, 50.1% limited partnership interest in BKFE, 4.6% ownership interest in AmeriLife, 9.1% ownership interest in CSI,
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12.0% voting equity interest in preferred stock of QOMPLX, Inc. ("QOMPLX"), 24.6% equity interest in Triple Tree Holdings, LLC ("Triple Tree"), and majority-owned real estate and resort development businesses ("Cannae RE").
Ceridian is a global human capital management software company that offers a broad range of services and software designed to help employers more effectively manage employment processes, such as payroll, payroll-related tax filing, human resource information systems, employee self-service, time and labor management, employee assistance programs, and recruitment and applicant screening. Ceridian's technology-based services are typically provided through long-term customer relationships that are anticipated to result in a high level of recurring revenue.
System1 operates an omnichannel customer acquisition platform, delivering high-intent customers to advertisers and sells antivirus software packages to end user customers. System1 provides its services through its proprietary responsive acquisition marketing platform ("RAMP"). RAMP allows System1 to monetize users through its relationships with third-party advertisers and advertising networks. RAMP also allows third-party advertising platforms and publishers, to send user traffic to, and monetize user traffic on, System1’s owned and operated websites. RAMP operates across System1's network of owned and operated websites and related products, allowing it to monetize user traffic that it sources from various acquisition marketing channels. System1, through its wholly owned subsidiary Protected.net Group Limited, also provides antivirus software solutions, offering its customers a single packaged solution that is designed to provide protection and reporting to the end user. System1 delivers its antivirus software solutions directly to end-user customers across the world. The antivirus software solutions product offering comprises a core security package with varying levels of additional offered protection based on a customer's specific needs.
BKFE is a joint venture led by Bill Foley that owns and operates A.F.C. Bournemouth ("AFCB"), an English professional association football club based in Kings Park, Boscombe, a suburb of Bournemouth, Dorset, England. AFCB was founded in 1899 and competes in the highest level of the men's English football league system, The Premier League. BKFE acquired AFCB, its first football club, in December 2022 and in February 2023 entered into a strategic partnership and acquired a significant minority interest in FC Lorient, a French Ligue 1 football club. BKFE aims to grow into a leading, multi-club operator of football assets across the world.
AmeriLife is a leader in marketing and distributing life, health, and retirement solutions. AmeriLife has partnered with the nation’s leading insurance carriers to provide value and quality to customers served through a national distribution network of insurance agents and advisors, marketing organizations, and insurance agency locations.
CSI is a leading fintech, regtech and cybersecurity partner that delivers core processing, digital banking, managed cybersecurity, cybersecurity compliance, payments processing, print and electronic document distribution, and regulatory compliance solutions to financial institutions and corporate customers, both foreign and domestic.
QOMPLX is an intelligent decision and analytics platform used by businesses for modeling and planning. QOMPLX offers an enterprise operating system and application platforms with capabilities ranging from data handling, analytics, and reporting to advanced algorithms, simulations, and machine learning, which have business uses for cybersecurity, insurance underwriting and quantitative finance.
Triple Tree is an independent, research-driven investment banking firm focused on mergers and acquisitions, financial restructuring, and principal investing services for innovative, high-growth businesses in the healthcare industry.
Cannae RE and its subsidiaries own and operate golf and real estate properties and develop, manage and operate residential and recreational properties, including an 1,800-acre ranch-style luxury resort and residential community in Oregon.
Refer to Item 7 of Part II of this Annual Report for further information on recent results of operations and transactions and other activity of our operating segments.
Strategy and Business Trends
Our strategy for the Company is to continue to manage and operate the diversified businesses of our group of companies to create long-term growth of those businesses in order to maximize the value of those businesses for our shareholders, and to pursue similar strategies and objectives when taking significant ownership stakes in new businesses.
Dun & Bradstreet. We believe that Dun & Bradstreet has an attractive business model that is underpinned by highly recurring, diversified revenues, significant operating leverage, low capital requirements and strong free cash flow. The proprietary and embedded nature of its data and analytics solutions and the integral role that D&B plays in its clients’ decision-making processes have translated into high client retention and revenue visibility. D&B has had relationships with most of its top clients by revenue for more than 20 years, which reflects how deeply embedded D&B is in its clients' daily workflows and decisioning processes. D&B exhibits strong annual revenue retention rates and substantially all of its clients are recurring year over year. Dun & Bradstreet also benefits from strong operating leverage given its centralized database and solutions, which allows it to generate strong contribution margins and free cash flow.
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Subsequent to our acquisition of an ownership stake in D&B in the first quarter of 2019, we worked closely with D&B to begin quickly implementing changes to address operational and execution issues at D&B that led to stagnant revenue growth and declining profitability over the last decade. We immediately brought in a new senior leadership team, which commenced a comprehensive transformation to improve and revitalize D&B's business for long-term success. The new senior leadership team saw significant opportunity to create value by transforming the organization and improving the platform with new business unit leaders, enhanced technology and data, solution innovation and a client-centric go-to-market strategy.
D&B's transformation strategy is based on Bill Foley's proven playbook of enhancing stockholder value through organizational re-alignment and re-investment. Initiatives implemented at D&B upon its 2019 leveraged buyout have resulted in significant synergies and cost savings. In light of the changes that have been made or identified by the Company and D&B's management team, we believe D&B is well-positioned to execute on its strategies of driving stockholder value through consistent revenue growth, managing cost initiatives and innovating and improving the way it adds value and solves the increasingly challenging and complex needs of its clients.
Businesses rely on business-to-business data and analytics providers to extract data-driven insights and make better decisions. For example, in commercial lending and trade credit, the scarcity of readily available credit history makes the extension of credit a time-consuming and imprecise process. In procurement, businesses face increasingly complex and global supply chains, making the assessment of compliance and viability of all suppliers prohibitively difficult and expensive if not conducted effectively. In sales and marketing, businesses have benefited from the proliferation of customer relationship management, Marketing Automation and Sales Acceleration tools designed to help identify, track and improve both customer management and prospecting growth activities. While these tools are helping to fill sales funnels and improve the progression of opportunities, key challenges remain in salesforce productivity, effective client segmentation and marketing campaign activation. Common stumbling blocks include incorrect, or outdated, contact information, duplicated or inaccurate firmographic data and a lack of synchronization between the various platforms in the marketing technology ecosystem.
D&B helps its clients solve these mission critical business problems. D&B believes the total addressable market (‘‘TAM’’) in which it operates is large, growing and significantly underpenetrated. D&B participates in the big data and analytics software market, as defined by Interactive Data Corporation, or IDC, which represents a collection of software markets that functionally address decision support and decision automation. This market includes business intelligence and analytics tools, analytic data management and integration platforms and analytics and performance management applications. Within the broader market of data and analytics solutions, D&B serves a number of different markets, including the commercial credit data, sales and marketing data and Governance, Risk and Compliance ("GRC") markets to provide clients with decisioning support and automation. As D&B continues to drive innovation in its solutions, it expects to address a greater portion of this TAM as new use cases for its data assets and analytical capabilities are introduced.
D&B believes there are several key trends in the global macroeconomic environment generating additional growth in D&B's TAM and increasing the demand for its solutions, including growing recognition by business of the value of analytics and data-informed business decisioning, growth in data creation and applications driven by the proliferation of new technologies with new data sets and applications, advances in analytical capabilities that are unlocking the value of data, and heightened compliance requirements in the regulatory environment for business driven by the growth of new technologies.
Alight. There are many factors today impacting how organizations can succeed and thrive in the future. Employees are facing increasing complexity around healthcare and retirement, and the burden of additional financial responsibility from healthcare costs being shifted from employers to employees. We believe these trends have driven the need for integrated, personalized tools to help them make informed decisions. Employers are facing ever-changing workforce regulations and evolving dynamics across the employer/employee relationship, driving the need for flexibility, engagement and effective solutions for compliance. We believe Alight is uniquely positioned between the employer and employee to address these factors to ultimately drive better outcomes for both.
Alight aims to be the pre-eminent employee engagement partner by providing personalized experiences that help employees make the best decisions for themselves and their families about their health, wealth and wellbeing every day. At the same time, Alight helps employers tackle their biggest people and business challenges by helping them understand prevalence, trends and risks to generate better outcomes for the future and get a return on their people investment. Using data, analytics and AI, Alight derives actionable insights to deliver the business and people outcomes organizations need. Alight provides solutions to manage health and retirement benefits, tools for payroll and HR management, as well as solutions to manage the workforce from the cloud.
Paysafe. Paysafe empowers approximately 19 million active users in more than 120 countries and over 250,000 businesses across the United States, Canada and Europe to conduct secure and friction-less commerce across online, mobile, in-app and in-store channels, generating most of its revenue from Online and Integrated Commerce solutions. Paysafe focuses on its core verticals, including iGaming (which encompasses a broad selection of online betting related to sports, esports, fantasy sports, poker and other casino games) streaming and online gaming, travel and entertainment, retail and hospitality, and digital assets.
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Paysafe believes that an increasing percentage of digital commerce around the world is becoming overly complex for traditional retail payment services, many of which still use legacy business processes and technologies that were developed 10 or more years ago to address an earlier generation of eCommerce. These legacy platforms lack the specialized functionality, sophisticated risk management and robust regulatory compliance infrastructures that Paysafe believes are required to address this large and fast-growing area of the market.
To address this opportunity, Paysafe has developed a suite of innovative, proprietary digital commerce solutions that it deploys across its network, a unique combination of Business to Business ("B2B") and Business to Consumer ("B2C") relationships. These solutions are intended to help (1) solve the complexities of facilitating digital commerce, (2) remove significant friction and pain points from the customer experience, (3) enable Paysafe's business and consumer clients to transact in a faster, safer and more convenient manner and (4) help its business customers grow their operations by bringing active users to their platforms. Paysafe's solutions extend well beyond the basic card-based payments functionality of traditional payment vendors and target an addressable market that is over 2x larger by providing the advanced capabilities of digital wallets, alternative payment methods ("APMs") and digital currency transactions.
Restaurant Group. Our restaurant operations are focused in the casual dining segment of the restaurant industry. The Restaurant Group's strategy is to achieve long-term profit growth and drive increases in same store sales and guest counts. We have a highly experienced management team that is focused on enhancing the guest experience at our restaurants and building team member engagement. We also utilize a shared service platform that takes advantage of the combined back-office synergies of our restaurant operating companies. Our goal is to maintain a strong balance sheet for our Restaurant Group to provide stability in all operating environments.
The restaurant industry is highly competitive and is often affected by changes in consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns; changes in general economic conditions; public safety conditions or concerns; demographic trends; weather conditions; the cost of food products, labor, energy and other operating costs; and governmental regulations. Higher labor costs due to state and local minimum wage increases and shopping pattern shifts to e-commerce and "ready to eat" grocery and convenience stores have had a negative impact on restaurant performance, particularly in the casual dining restaurants in which the company operates.
The restaurant industry is also characterized by high capital investments for new restaurants and relatively high fixed or semi-variable restaurant operating expenses. Because of the high fixed and semi-variable expenses, changes in sales in existing restaurants are generally expected to significantly affect restaurant profitability because many restaurant costs and expenses are not expected to change at the same rate as sales. The most significant commodities that may affect our cost of food and beverage are beef, seafood, poultry, and dairy, which accounted for approximately half of our overall cost of food and beverage in the past. Generally, temporary increases in these costs are not passed on to guests; however, in the past, we have adjusted menu prices to compensate for increased costs of a more permanent nature.
The year ended December 31, 2022 was a period of high inflation relative to long-term inflation expectations in the United States. This inflationary environment primarily impacted the commodity and labor costs of our Restaurant Group. We have adjusted menu pricing to account for these cost increases to an extent, but will continue to balance the impact of inflationary pressures on costs with the value proposition offered to customers with a focus on long-term profitability.
Average weekly sales per restaurant are typically higher in the first and fourth quarters than in other quarters, and we typically generate a disproportionate share of our earnings from operations in the first and fourth quarters. Holidays, severe weather and other disruptive conditions may impact sales volumes seasonally in some operating regions.
Our revenues in future periods will continue to be subject to these and other factors that are beyond our control and, as a result, are likely to fluctuate.
Acquisitions, Dispositions, Minority Owned Operating Affiliates and Financings. Acquisitions are an important part of our growth strategy. We may dispose of assets when we identify opportunities to re-allocate our capital to owning, managing, and operating new companies that provide our shareholders with prudent risk-based returns on their own investment in Cannae. On an ongoing basis, with assistance from our Manager and outside advisors, we actively evaluate possible transactions to enhance the value of the companies we own, such as acquisitions of business units and operating assets and business combination transactions.
We primarily engage in various lines of business through long-term ownership together with control or significant influence of companies, though in the future we may seek to sell certain subsidiaries or other assets as part of our capital reallocation initiatives. Further, we may make acquisitions in lines of business that are not directly tied to, or synergistic with, our current operating segments. While we primarily own interests in companies that we control or have the ability to significantly influence the operations of, we have allocated, and expect to allocate in the future, a smaller portion of our capital to minority ownership stakes in companies over which we do not exercise significant influence or have control.
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There can be no assurance that any suitable opportunities will arise or that any particular transaction will be completed. We have made a number of acquisitions and dispositions over the past several years to strengthen and expand the service offerings and customer bases of our businesses, to expand or re-allocate our capital by acquiring significant equity ownership of other businesses or where we otherwise saw value.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies. In 2020 and early 2021, we made investments in the sponsors of, and forward purchase commitments to purchase equity of, five special purpose acquisition companies ("SPACs"). SPACs are companies formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. As previously disclosed, our previous SPAC investments resulted in our current ownership interests in Paysafe, Alight and System1.
The volume of the total SPACs outstanding and in the market searching for business combination partners increased significantly in late 2020 and early 2021. Additionally, beginning in the second half of 2021 and throughout the course 2022 market participants penalized companies who went public through mergers with SPACs. Indices tracking the market values of companies who went public via mergers with SPACs substantially underperformed the overall market in calendar years 2021 and 2022.
Prior to such over saturation of the SPAC market, we believed SPACs were an efficient means for private entities to go public and a unique opportunity for companies to partner with sponsors who provide invaluable industry, operational and capital market experience. However, as a result of such market saturation and the deterioration in the market sentiment for SPACs and companies who went public through SPAC mergers, we have paused our prior strategy of raising capital through SPACs. In the fourth quarter of 2022, Cannae and the other sponsors of Austerlitz Acquisition Corporation I ("AAI") and Austerlitz Acquisition Corporation II ("AAII") effected the redemption of AAI's and AAII's outstanding Class A ordinary shares for cash held in their trust accounts. As of December 31, 2022, Cannae had no further investment in AAI or AAII.
While we believe these market trends have in the short term impacted the market values of our ownership interests in companies who went public through SPAC mergers, we remain committed to supporting Paysafe, Alight and System1 and are optimistic about the long-term fundamentals of each business.
Competition
Dun & Bradstreet. Dun & Bradstreet primarily competes on the basis of differentiated data sets, analytical capabilities, solutions, client relationships, innovation and price. D&B believes that it competes favorably in each of these categories across its business segments. D&B's competitors vary based on the client size and geographical markets that its solutions cover.
For Dun & Bradstreet's finance and risk solutions segment, its competition generally varies by client size. D&B has a leading presence in the enterprise market as clients place a high degree of value on our best-in-class commercial credit database to inform their critical decisions around the extension of credit. D&B’s main competitors in the enterprise and mid-market include Bureau van Dijk (owned by Moody’s Corporation), Experian and Creditsafe in Europe and Equifax and Experian in North America. In the small and mid-size company market, commercial credit health becomes increasingly tied to consumer credit health. D&B's competition in this market generally includes Equifax, Experian and other consumer credit providers that offer commercial data. Additionally, there is a fragmented tail of low cost, vertical and regionally focused point solutions in this market that may be attractive to certain clients, but lack the scale and coverage breadth to compete holistically.
For Dun & Bradstreet's sales and marketing solutions segment, its competition has historically been very fragmented with many players offering varying levels of data quantity and quality, and with data being collected in ways that may cross ethical and privacy boundaries. Dun & Bradstreet strives to protect the data and privacy of its clients and to maintain the highest standards in the ethical acquisition, aggregation, curation and delivery of data. D&B's direct competitors vary depending on use cases, such as market segmentation, digital marketing lead generation, lead enrichment, sales effectiveness and data management. In the market for contact data, D&B's competition generally includes ZoomInfo and a few consultancies building bespoke solutions. For other sales and marketing solutions such as customer data platform, visitor intelligence, audience targeting and intent data, D&B faces a number of smaller competitors.
Overall, outside North America, D&B's competitive environment varies by region and country, and can be significantly impacted by the legislative actions of local governments, availability of data and local business preferences. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, D&B's direct competition for its finance and risk solutions segment is primarily from Bureau van Dijk, Creditsafe and Experian. Additionally, in D&B's sales and marketing solutions segment, the landscape in these markets is both localized and fragmented, where numerous local players of varying sizes compete for business. In the Nordics, D&B faces competition from Enento and Experian and in Central and Eastern European markets they compete with several regional and local players. In Asia Pacific, D&B faces competition in its finance and risk solutions segment from a mix of local and global providers. D&B competes with global providers such as Experian and Bureau van Dijk in China and local competitors in India. In addition, as in the United Kingdom, D&B's sales and marketing solutions landscape throughout Asia is localized and fragmented.
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Alight. The markets for Alight's solutions are competitive, rapidly evolving and fragmented. Its business faces competition from other global and national companies. The markets for Alight's solutions are subject to change as a result of economic, regulatory and legislative changes, technological developments, shifting client needs and increased competition from established and new competitors. We do not believe there is any single competitor with the breadth of Alight's solutions, and thus Alight's competitors vary for each of its solutions. Alight competes primarily on the basis of product and service quality, technology, breadth of offerings, ease of use and accessibility of technology, data protection, innovation, trust and reliability, price, and reputation.
Paysafe. The global payments industry is highly competitive, rapidly changing, highly innovative and increasingly subject to regulatory scrutiny and oversight. Paysafe competes against a wide range of businesses, including businesses that are larger than it is, have a dominant and secure position, or offer other products and services to consumers and merchants that Paysafe does not offer, as well as smaller companies that may be able to respond more quickly to regulatory and technological changes than Paysafe can. Paysafe competes against all forms of payments, including credit and debit cards; automated clearing house and bank transfers; other online payment services, local alternative payment methods, and digital wallets; mobile payments; cryptocurrencies and distributed ledger technologies; and offline payment methods, including cash and check. Paysafe also competes against banks, merchant acquirers, and third-party payment processors. Paysafe competes primarily on the basis of brand recognition, distribution network and channel options, convenience, variety of payment methods, product and service offerings, customer service for both consumers and merchants, trust and reliability, speed, data protection and security, price and innovation.
Restaurant Group. The restaurant industry is highly competitive and is often affected by changes in consumer tastes. Competition for our restaurant brands varies by location. In general, our restaurant brands compete within each market with national and regional chains and locally-owned restaurants for guests, management and hourly personnel and suitable real estate sites. Restaurants are increasingly competing with grocery stores who are expanding their offerings of quick serve, ready-made meals and meal kits and with meal kit delivery services, which have increased market share in recent years. We expect to continue to compete in these areas.
Competitive Strengths
Proven management team. Our Board and executive management team, led by Bill Foley, has a proven track record of identifying, acquiring, managing and operating businesses. In particular, Bill Foley has led the growth of several multi-billion dollar companies with hundreds of acquisitions across diverse platforms, including, FNF, FNIS, Black Knight, Ceridian, D&B and FG. Our Board and executive management's breadth of knowledge of operational matters and capital markets allows us to identify companies and strategic assets with attractive value propositions, to structure acquisitions to maximize the value acquired businesses, and to return the value created to our shareholders through long-term profitable operation of those businesses and, when appropriate, dispositions. We believe the Externalization under the Management Services Agreement enhances our executive management team’s ability to provide these services.
Intellectual Property
Dun & Bradstreet. D&B owns and controls various intellectual property rights, such as trade secrets, confidential information, trademarks, service marks, tradenames, copyrights, patents and applications to the foregoing. These rights, in the aggregate, are of material importance to Dun & Bradstreet's business. D&B believes that the Dun & Bradstreet name and related tradenames, marks and logos are also of material importance to its business. Dun & Bradstreet is licensed to use certain technology and other intellectual property rights owned and controlled by others, and other companies are licensed to use certain technology and other intellectual property rights owned and controlled by it. Dun & Bradstreet's trademarks, service marks, databases, software, copyrights, patents, patent applications and other intellectual property are proprietary and accordingly it relies on a combination of statutory (e.g., copyright, trademark, trade secret, patent, etc.) and contract and liability safeguards for protecting them throughout the world.
Dun & Bradstreet owns patents and patent applications both in the U.S. and in other selected countries. The patents and patent applications include claims, which pertain to certain technologies and inventions that D&B has determined are proprietary and warrant patent protection. The protection of its innovative technology and inventions, such as its proprietary methods for data curation and identity resolution, through the filing of patent applications, is part of Dun & Bradstreet's business strategy. Filing of patent applications may or may not provide Dun & Bradstreet with a dominant position in the fields of technology. However, these patents and/or patent applications may provide Dun & Bradstreet with legal defenses should subsequent patents in these fields be issued to third-parties and later asserted against it. Where appropriate, Dun & Bradstreet may also consider asserting or cross-licensing its patents.
Alight. Alight's intellectual property portfolio is comprised of various copyrights (including copyrights in software) and trademarks, as well as certain trade secrets or proprietary know-how of its business. Alight's success has resulted in part from its proprietary methodologies, process and other intellectual property, such as certain of its platforms. However, any of Alight's proprietary rights could be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or may not provide significant competitive advantages.
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Alight's business relies on software provided by both internal development and external sourcing to deliver its services. With respect to internally developed software, Alight claims copyright on all such software, registering works where appropriate. Alight requires all employees and contractors to assign to it the rights to works developed on Alight's behalf. In addition, Alight relies on maintaining source code confidentiality to maintain its market competitiveness. With respect to externally sourced software, Alight relies on contracts to allow for continued access for its business usage.
In the United States, trademark registrations may have a perpetual life, subject to continuous use and renewal every ten years, and may be subject to cancellation or invalidation based on certain use requirements and third-party challenges, or on other grounds. Alight vigorously enforces and protects its trademarks.
Paysafe. Paysafe relies upon a combination of copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, license agreements, confidentiality policies and procedures, nondisclosure agreements and technical measures designed to protect the intellectual property and commercially valuable confidential information and data used in its business in jurisdictions around the world. Paysafe seeks to protect its intellectual property rights by relying on applicable laws and regulations in the United States and internationally, as well as a variety of administrative procedures. Paysafe also relies on contractual restrictions to protect its proprietary rights when offering or procuring products and services. Paysafe has not applied for any patents in respect of its electronic payment processing systems and cannot give assurances that any patent applications will be made or that, if they are made, they will be granted. Additionally, it is possible that third parties, including its competitors, may obtain patents relating to technologies that overlap or compete with Paysafe's technology. If third parties obtain patent protection with respect to such technologies, they may assert that Paysafe's technology infringes their patents and seek to charge Paysafe a licensing fee or otherwise preclude Paysafe from using its technology.
Restaurant Group. We regard our Restaurant Group's service marks, including "O'Charley's", "Ninety Nine" and other service marks and trademarks as important factors in the marketing of our restaurants. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold our previously held "Legendary Baking" and "Village Inn" trademarks. We have also obtained trademarks for several of our brands' menu items and for various advertising slogans. We are aware of names and marks similar to our Restaurant Group's service marks and trademarks used by other persons in certain geographic areas where we have restaurants. However, we believe such uses will not adversely affect us. Our policy is to pursue registration of our marks whenever possible and to oppose vigorously any infringement of our marks.
We license the use of our registered trademarks and service marks to franchisees and third parties through franchise arrangements and licenses. The franchise and license arrangements restrict franchisees' and licensees' activities with respect to the use of our trademarks and service marks, and impose quality control standards in connection with goods and services offered in connection with the trademarks and service marks.
Government Regulation
Paysafe. Laws and regulations in jurisdictions around the world apply to many key aspects of Paysafe's business. Any actual or perceived failure to comply with these requirements may result in, among other things, revocation of required licenses or registrations, loss of approved status, private litigation, regulatory or governmental investigations, administrative enforcement actions, sanctions (including public fines), civil and criminal liability, public censures and constraints on Paysafe's ability to continue to operate, as well as potentially adverse effects on its brand and position with respect to competitors. It is also possible that current or future laws or regulations could be interpreted or applied in a manner that would prohibit, alter, or impair Paysafe's existing or planned products and services, or that could require costly, time-consuming, or otherwise burdensome compliance measures from Paysafe. The laws and regulations applicable to the payments industry in any given jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and change.
Paysafe's payment networks are primarily subject to regulation in Europe under the Financial Conduct Authority and the Central Bank of Ireland and in the U.S. under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Federal Trade Commission Act and the U.S. Department of Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Paysafe has extensive internal regulatory compliance oversight functions which monitor compliance with the laws and regulations applicable in the jurisdictions in which Paysafe is licensed and in which they operate.
Information Security
We and our unconsolidated affiliates are highly dependent on information technology networks and systems to securely process, transmit and store electronic information. Attacks on information technology systems continue to grow in frequency, complexity and sophistication. Such attacks have become a point of focus for individuals, businesses and governmental entities. These attacks can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, including non-public personal information, consumer data and proprietary business information.
We and our unconsolidated affiliates remain focused on making strategic investments in information security to protect the clients and information systems of our operating subsidiaries and unconsolidated affiliates. This includes both capital expenditures and operating expenses on hardware, software, personnel and consulting services. As the primary products and
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services of our operating subsidiaries and unconsolidated affiliates evolve, we apply a comprehensive approach to the mitigation of identified security risks. We have established risk management policies, including those related to information security and cybersecurity, designed to monitor and mitigate information security related risks.
Human Capital Resources
Employees
As of December 31, 2022, Cannae and our consolidated subsidiaries had 11,988 employees, which includes 11,785 in our Restaurant Group and 203 in the various consolidated businesses comprising our Corporate and other segment. None of our employees are unionized or represented by any collective agency. We believe that our relations with employees are generally good.
Our Manager and Cannae LLC rely on the experience and expertise of a small number of highly qualified employees which make up our corporate management team. We continually assess our management team's capabilities and capacity with a view toward the long-term sustainability of the Company's operations.
Diversity
Diversity is a key component of our success, both at Cannae and within our portfolio companies. We stand committed to our philosophy that all employees deserve an inclusive workplace, one where each employee feels heard and empowered. We believe that the diversity of our employees and directors provides a variety of ideas and perspectives that allow us to achieve superior business results. Cannae and Cannae’s portfolio companies are committed to being equal opportunity employers and enhancing diversity and inclusion across our businesses. Cannae’s Code of Conduct & Ethics prohibits discrimination and harassment. Our nondiscrimination policy is distributed to all employees as part of our employee handbook, which employees must acknowledge annually. Our employees participate in annual programs including Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Training, and Reporting Harassment: Everyone’s Responsibility Training.
Board Diversity
In 2019, our board codified its commitment to diversity when selecting new director nominees, including candidates with a diversity of age, gender, nationality, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation by integrating this language into the director selection criteria in our Corporate Governance Guidelines. As of December 31, 2022, four out of eleven directors identify themselves as diverse.
Sustainability
We recognize that in our rapidly changing global economy, the management of Environmental, Social, & Governance (“ESG”) risks and opportunities is important for our long-term business success. Our Company and our board are committed to addressing ESG issues to better serve our employees, business partners, and the communities where we live and work. We aim to achieve superior financial performance for shareholders and maximize the value of our assets while mitigating risk, and we are committed to managing our business in an environmentally responsible, socially responsible, and ethical manner.
To honor that commitment at the highest levels of the Company, our management team leads our ESG efforts. Our board of directors’ audit committee reviews these efforts.
Our ESG efforts are focused on:
Responsible Capital Deployment. ESG is embedded across our approach to the deployment of capital: from our due diligence in acquisition selection, to our value creation partnerships. We manage ESG issues with our portfolio companies which we believe helps us generate stronger returns for our shareholders while improving our impact on society. Dun & Bradstreet is committed to enhancing responsible business practices through automated solutions. Ceridian is focused on helping organizations enhance human capital management while supporting the communities where employees live and work through Ceridian Cares, an employee-driven charity. Alight is committed to helping companies care for their biggest asset – their people—by empowering workers and their families to make confident decisions around their health, wealth and wellbeing. The Restaurant Group is building inclusive workplaces while driving community outcomes in the areas where we operate. Our companies each have unique impacts, and we are working to further formalize and enhance the management of ESG across our entire portfolio of companies.
Preserving the Environment. We recognize the importance of conducting business in an environmentally responsible manner and integrating responsibly designed environmental management practices into our operations. We are continually seeking to improve our environmental management practices at our Las Vegas headquarters. From efforts to reduce water consumption and participating in recycling programs, we are working to reduce our environmental impact.
Supporting Our Employees and Communities. We are dedicated to serving our employees and their families, building a diverse and inclusive workplace, and supporting our local communities. We value our talented workforces and the outstanding
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contributions our employees make each day. We are dedicated to attracting, developing, and retaining talented teams through competitive compensation and benefits, and building a diverse and inclusive workplace. We believe in the importance of volunteerism and philanthropy to strengthen and engage local communities across our portfolio companies. Through local community involvement, corporate initiatives, and philanthropic giving – as well as an active community volunteer ethos – we work hard each day to support the communities we all live in.
Operating Ethically. We are committed to strong governance systems and policies that are designed to ensure fair, transparent, and efficient business practices. Our reputation for integrity is one of our most important assets and each of our employees and directors is expected to contribute to the care and preservation of that asset. We operate in ways that we believe are fair, transparent, and compliant with all applicable regulations. We implement strong governance practices, policies, training, and reporting avenues to encourage and promote that all employees adhere to the highest standards for business integrity.
Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
The statements contained in this Annual Report or in our other documents or in oral presentations or other statements made by our management that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") including statements regarding our expectations, hopes, intentions, or strategies regarding the future. These statements relate to, among other things, future financial and operating results of the Company. In many cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," or "continue," or the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these statements as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to the following:
•changes in general economic, business, and political conditions, including changes in the financial markets and changes in conditions resulting from the outbreak of a pandemic;
•compliance with extensive government regulation of our operating subsidiaries and adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations or in their application by regulators;
•the effects of the Externalization and the Management Services Agreement;
•loss of key personnel that could negatively affect our financial results and impair our operating abilities;
•our potential inability to find suitable acquisition candidates, as well as the risks associated with acquisitions in lines of business that will not necessarily be limited to our traditional areas of focus, or difficulties integrating acquisitions;
•other risks detailed in "Risk Factors" below and elsewhere in this document and in our other filings with the SEC.
We are not under any obligation (and expressly disclaim any such obligation) to update or alter our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You should carefully consider the possibility that actual results may differ materially from our forward-looking statements.
Additional Information
The Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and files or furnishes reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
Our website address is www.cannaeholdings.com. We make available free of charge on or through our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. However, the information found on our website is not part of this or any other report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In the course of conducting our business operations, we are exposed to a variety of risks, some of which are inherent in our industry and others of which are more specific to our own businesses. In addition to the other information set forth in this Annual Report and other filings we have made and make in the future with the SEC, you should carefully consider the following risk factors and uncertainties, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods. However, other factors not discussed below or elsewhere in this Annual Report could also adversely affect
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our businesses, results of operations and financial condition. Therefore, the risk factors below should not be considered a complete list of potential risks that we may face.
Risks Relating to the Externalization and Our Manager
The Management Service Agreement was negotiated between related parties and the terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us as if it were negotiated with an unaffiliated third-party.
Because our Manager is owned by certain of our directors and executive officers, the Management Services Agreement was developed by related parties, although our independent directors reviewed and approved the Management Services Agreement. The terms of the Management Services Agreement, including fees payable, may not reflect the terms we may have received if it was negotiated with an unrelated third-party. In addition, particularly as a result of our relationship with the principal owners of the Manager, who are certain directors and members of our management team, our independent directors may determine that it is in the best interests of our shareholders not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights under the Management Services Agreement because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationship with our Manager.
Our executive officers, directors and Manager may allocate some of their time to other businesses, thereby causing conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs, which may materially adversely affect our results of operations.
While the members of our management team anticipate devoting a substantial amount of their time to the affairs of the Company, our executive officers, directors, Manager and other members of our management team may engage in other business activities. This may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and our management and the operations of other businesses. Their other business endeavors may involve related or unrelated parties. Conflicts of interest that arise over the allocation of time may not always be resolved in our favor and may materially adversely affect our results of operations.
Conflicts of interest could arise in connection with certain of our directors’ and executive officers’ discharge of fiduciary duties to our shareholders.
Certain of our directors and executive officers are members of the Manager. Such persons, by virtue of their positions with us, have fiduciary duties to us and our shareholders. The duties of such persons as directors or executive officers to us and our shareholders may conflict with the interests of such persons in their capacities as members or employees of the Manager.
Our Manager and members of our management team may engage in activities that compete with us or our businesses.
While the members of our management team intend to devote a substantial majority of their time to the affairs of the Company, and while our Manager currently does not manage any other businesses that are in lines of business similar to our businesses, neither our management team nor our Manager is expressly prohibited from investing in or managing other entities, including those that are in the same or similar line of business as our businesses, or required to present any particular acquisition or business opportunity to the Company. In this regard, the Management Services Agreement and the obligation thereunder to provide management services to us will not create a mutually exclusive relationship between our Manager, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other.
Our Manager can resign on 180 days’ notice, subject to a limited extension, and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement, resulting in a disruption in our operations that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations as well as the market price of our shares.
Our Manager has the right, under the Management Services Agreement, to resign at any time on 180 days’ written notice, whether we have found a replacement or not, subject to the Company’s right to extend such period by an additional 180 days or until a replacement manager has been in place for 30 days, if no replacement manager has been found by the 150th day following the Manager’s notice of resignation. If our Manager resigns, we may not be able to contract with a new manager or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within 180 days (subject to possible extension), or at all, in which case our operations are likely to experience a disruption; our financial condition, business and results of operations as well as our ability to pay distributions are likely to be adversely affected; and the market price of our shares may decline. In addition, the coordination of our internal management, acquisition activities and supervision of our businesses is likely to suffer if we are unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by our Manager. Even if we are able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, the integration of such management and their lack of familiarity with our businesses may result in additional costs and time delays that could materially adversely affect our financial condition, business and results of operations.
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We must pay our Manager the management fee regardless of our performance.
Our Manager is entitled to receive a management fee that is based on our cost of invested capital, as defined in the Management Services Agreement, regardless of the performance of our businesses. The calculation of the management fee is unrelated to the Company’s results of operations. As a result, the management fee may incentivize our Manager to increase the amount of invested capital.
We cannot determine the amount of the management fee that will be paid over time with any certainty, nor are we able to determine with any certainty the amount of carried interest that will be paid over time, and our payment of such fees and carried interest to the Manager may significantly reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
Under the Management Services Agreement, the Company will be obligated to pay a management fee to and, subject to certain exceptions, reimburse the costs and out-of-pocket expenses of our Manager incurred on behalf of the Company in connection with the provision of services to the Company. The management fee is calculated by reference to the Company’s cost of invested capital, which will be impacted by the acquisition or disposition of, and additional capital contributions and investments in, businesses, which can be significantly influenced by our Manager, as well as the performance of our businesses and other businesses we may acquire in the future. Changes in cost of invested capital and in the resulting management fee could be significant, resulting in a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations. In addition, if the performance of the Company declines, assuming cost of invested capital remains the same, management fees will increase as a percentage of the Company’s net income.
Furthermore, we cannot determine the amount of carried interest with respect to liquidity events involving the Company's businesses that will be paid over time with any certainty. Such determination would be dependent on the potential sale proceeds received for any of our businesses and the performance of the Company and its businesses over a multi-year period of time, among other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty at this time. Such factors may have a significant impact on the amount of any carried interest to be paid to the Manager. Likewise, such determination would be dependent on whether certain hurdles were surpassed giving rise to a payment of carried interest.
While it is difficult to quantify with any certainty the actual amount of any such payments in the future, such amounts could be substantial. The management fee and carried interest will be payment obligations of the Company and, as a result, will be paid, along with other Company obligations, prior to the payment of distributions to shareholders. As a result, the payment of these amounts may significantly reduce the amount of cash flow available for distribution to our shareholders. If we do not have sufficient liquid assets to pay the management fee when such payments are due, we may be required to liquidate assets or incur debt in order to make such payments. This circumstance could materially adversely affect our liquidity and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Our profit allocation may induce our Manager to make suboptimal decisions regarding our operations.
Our Manager will receive carried interest based on profits in excess of an annualized hurdle rate upon a liquidity event involving a Company investment. In this respect, a calculation and payment of carried interest may be triggered upon the sale of one of our businesses. As a result, our Manager may be incentivized to recommend the sale of one or more of our businesses to our Board of Directors at a time that may not be optimal for our shareholders.
Risks Relating to the Restaurant Group
COVID-19 may continue to disrupt the business of our Restaurant Group, which could materially affect our Restaurant Group's operations, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for an extended period of time.
COVID-19 and our responses to the spread of the virus and its variants have disrupted and may continue to disrupt our Restaurant Group businesses. In response to the initial COVID-19 outbreak and the federal, state and local government responses to COVID-19, we closed the dining rooms in substantially all of our restaurants in late March 2020 with substantially all remaining closed through early May 2020. During such time, most of our restaurants were solely operating to-go and delivery services in the jurisdictions where government regulations permit restaurants to continue to operate and where the guest demand made such operations sustainable. We temporarily closed certain restaurants, modified work hours for our Restaurant Group employees and identified and implemented cost savings measures throughout our Restaurant Group operations. If the impact COVID-19 deteriorates again as a result of new variants, we may again be required to close the dining rooms in substantially all of our restaurants and solely operate to-go and delivery services, which would further adversely affect the results of operations of our Restaurant Group.
The spread of COVID-19 variants and these responses have affected and, with the unpredictable impact of future variants of COVID-19 and related government responses to any future outbreaks, may continue to adversely affect our Restaurant Group brands' guest traffic, sales and operating costs and we cannot predict how long any new variant will last or what other government responses may occur.
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Suppliers of our Restaurant Group could be adversely impacted by another COVID-19 variant outbreak. If our Restaurant Group's suppliers’ access to resources is constrained or their employees are unable to work, whether because of illness, quarantine, limitations on travel or other government restrictions in connection with COVID-19 variants, our Restaurant Group businesses could face shortages of food items or other restaurant supplies and our Restaurant Group's operations and sales could be adversely impacted by such supply interruptions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the historical financial results of our Restaurant Group and depending on the duration and scope, such impact could have a material adverse impact on our future financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
See further discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on our Restaurant Group's results in the Results of Operations subsection in Item 7 of Part II of this Annual Report.
The Restaurant Group companies face significant competition for customers, real estate and employees and competitive pressure to adapt to changes in conditions driving customer demand. The Restaurant Group companies' inability to compete effectively may affect guest counts, sales and profit margins, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The restaurant industry is intensely competitive with a substantial number of restaurant operators that compete directly and indirectly with the Restaurant Group companies with respect to price, service, ambiance, brand, customer service, dining experience, location, food quality and variety and value perception of menu items and there are other well established competitors with substantially greater financial and other resources than the Restaurant Group companies. Some of our Restaurant Group companies' competitors advertise on national television, which may provide customers with greater awareness and name recognition than our Restaurant Group companies can achieve through their advertising efforts. There is also active competition for management personnel and attractive suitable real estate sites. Consumer tastes and perceptions, nutritional and dietary trends, guest count patterns and the type, number and location of competing restaurants often affect the restaurant business, and our Restaurant Group companies' competitors may react more efficiently and effectively to those conditions. For instance, prevailing health or dietary preferences or perceptions of our Restaurant Group companies' products may cause consumers to avoid certain menu items or products our Restaurant Group companies offer in favor of foods that are perceived as more healthy, and such choices by consumers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, our Restaurant Group companies face growing competition from the supermarket industry, with the improvement of their "convenient meals" in the deli and prepared food sections, from quick service and fast casual restaurants and online food delivery services as a result of food and beverage offerings by those food providers. As our Restaurant Group companies' competitors expand operations in markets where our restaurant businesses operate or expect to operate, we expect competition to intensify. If our Restaurant Group companies are unable to continue to compete effectively, their guest counts, sales and profit margins could decline, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Increased commodity, energy and other costs could decrease our Restaurant Group companies' profit margins or cause the Restaurant Group companies to limit or otherwise modify their menus, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The cost, availability and quality of ingredients restaurant operations use to prepare their food is subject to a range of factors, many of which are beyond their control. A significant component of our restaurant businesses' costs will be related to food commodities, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, poultry, dairy products, oils, produce, fruit, flour and other related costs such as energy and transportation over which we may have little control, that can be subject to significant price fluctuations due to seasonal shifts, climate conditions, industry demand, changes in international commodity markets and other factors. If there is a substantial increase in prices for these commodities, our Restaurant Group companies' results of operations may be negatively affected. In addition, the Restaurant Group companies' restaurants are dependent upon frequent deliveries of perishable food products that meet certain specifications. Shortages or interruptions in the supply of perishable food products caused by unanticipated demand, problems in production or distribution, disease or food-borne illnesses, inclement weather or other conditions could adversely affect the availability, quality, and cost of ingredients, which would likely lower revenues, damage the Restaurant Group companies' reputation or otherwise harm our business.
Negative customer experiences or negative publicity surrounding our Restaurant Group companies' restaurants or other restaurants could adversely affect sales in one or more of our Restaurant Group companies' restaurants and make our concepts less valuable, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Because we believe our Restaurant Group companies' success depends significantly on their ability to provide exceptional food quality, outstanding service and an excellent overall dining experience, adverse publicity, whether or not accurate, relating to food quality, public health concerns, illness, safety, injury or government or industry findings concerning our Restaurant Group companies' restaurants, restaurants operated by other food service providers or others across the food industry supply
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chain could affect our Restaurant Group companies more than it would other restaurants that compete primarily on price or other factors. If customers perceive or experience a reduction in the food quality, service or ambiance at our Restaurant Group companies' restaurants or in any way believe our Restaurant Group companies' restaurants have failed to deliver a consistently positive experience, the value and popularity of one or more of our Restaurant Group companies' concepts could suffer. Further, because our restaurant businesses rely heavily on "word-of-mouth," as opposed to more conventional mediums of advertisement, to establish concept recognition, our restaurant businesses may be more adversely affected by negative customer experiences than other dining establishments, including those of our restaurant businesses' competitors.
Our restaurant businesses could suffer due to reduced demand for our restaurant businesses' brands or specific menu offerings if our restaurant businesses are the subject of negative publicity or litigation regarding allegations of food-related contaminations or illnesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Food safety is a top priority, and our Restaurant Group companies dedicate substantial resources to ensuring that their customers enjoy safe, quality food products. Food-related contaminations and illnesses may be caused by a variety of food-borne pathogens, such as E. coli or salmonella, which are frequently carried on unwashed fruits and vegetables, from a variety of illnesses transmitted by restaurant workers, such as hepatitis A, which may not be diagnosed prior to being infectious, and from contamination of food by foreign substances. Contamination and food borne illness incidents could also be caused at the point of source or by food suppliers and distributors. As a result, we cannot control all of the potential sources of contamination or illness that can be contained in or transmitted from our Restaurant Group companies' food. Regardless of the source or cause, any report of food-borne illnesses or other food safety issues including food tampering or contamination, at one of our Restaurant Group companies' restaurants could adversely affect the reputation of our Restaurant Group companies' brands and have a negative impact on their sales. Even instances of food-borne illness, food tampering or food contamination occurring solely at restaurants of our Restaurant Group companies' competitors or at one of our Restaurant Group companies' suppliers could result in negative publicity about the food service industry generally and adversely impact our Restaurant Group companies' sales.
If any person becomes injured or ill, or alleges becoming injured or ill, as a result of eating our Restaurant Group companies' food, our Restaurant Group companies may temporarily close some restaurants or their bakery facilities, which would decrease their revenues, and our restaurant businesses may be liable for damages or be subject to governmental regulatory action, either of which could have long-lasting, negative effects on our restaurant businesses' reputation, financial condition and results of operations, regardless of whether the allegations are valid or whether our restaurant businesses are found liable. The occurrence of food-borne illnesses or food safety issues could also adversely affect the price and availability of affected ingredients, resulting in higher costs and lower margins.
The success of the Restaurant Group depends, in part, on its intellectual property, which we may be unable to protect.
We regard our Restaurant Group's service marks, including "O'Charley's," "Ninety Nine" and other service marks and trademarks as important factors in the marketing of our restaurants. We have also obtained trademarks for several of our brands' menu items and for various advertising slogans. We are aware of names and marks similar to our Restaurant Group's service marks and trademarks used by other persons in certain geographic areas where we have restaurants. Our policy is to pursue registration of our marks whenever possible and to oppose vigorously any infringement of our marks.
Risk Relating to Dun & Bradstreet
D&B could lose its access to data sources or ability to transfer data across the data sources in markets it operates, which could prevent D&B from providing its solutions.
D&B's solutions depend extensively upon continued access to and receipt of data from external sources, including data received from clients, strategic partners and various government and public records repositories. In some cases, D&B competes with its data providers. D&B's data providers could stop providing data, provide untimely data or increase the costs for their data for a variety of reasons, including a perception that its systems are unsecure as a result of a data security incidents, budgetary constraints, a desire to generate additional revenue or for regulatory or competitive reasons. For example, the ability of D&B's data providers to process and analyze such data may be constrained by government mandates to work remotely. In 2021, following a 2020 ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union in its Case 311/18 Data Protection Commission v Facebook Ireland and Maximillian Schrems (Schrems II), European regulators and the European Commission adopted prescriptive measures for assessing and demonstrating that all cross-border data transfers comply with the ruling. Additionally, in 2021, China adopted its own restrictions on cross-border data transfers under its new DSL and PIPL data compliance laws. As a result of these developments and related regulatory decisions, D&B has become and may become subject to further increased restrictions or mandates on the collection, disclosure or use or transfer of such data, in particular if such data is not collected by D&B's providers in a way that allows it to legally use the data or cannot be transferred out of the country where it has been collected. D&B may not be successful in maintaining its relationships with these external data source providers or be able to continue to obtain data from them on acceptable terms or at all. Furthermore, D&B may not be able to obtain data from
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alternative sources if its current sources become unavailable. If D&B were to lose access to this external data or if its access or use were restricted or were to become less economical or desirable, D&B's ability to provide solutions could be negatively impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Relating to Paysafe
Paysafe’s focus on the global entertainment sectors can increase its risks relative to other companies in its industry.
Paysafe focuses on the global entertainment sectors, including iGaming (which encompasses a broad selection of online betting related to sports, esports, fantasy sports, poker and other casino games) streaming and online gaming, travel and entertainment, retail and hospitality, and digital assets. Although this focus distinguishes Paysafe from industry peers, it also increases risks inherent in its business and broader industry. For example:
•the industry verticals Paysafe serves are extensively regulated, and their regulation is evolving and subject to frequent change and uncertain interpretation. As a result of regulatory action, Paysafe has had to exit a market altogether, limit services it provides, or otherwise modify its business in ways that have adversely impacted profitability. Paysafe is also exposed to a higher risk of losses resulting from related investigations, regulatory actions and litigation.;
•serving these core verticals routinely creates greater operational complexity, including for Paysafe’s compliance, legal and risk functions;
•with respect to certain industry verticals (such as iGaming), the laws related to, or the legal status of, such verticals vary significantly among the countries in which Paysafe operates and, in the U.S., from state to state, further adding operational complexity particularly in compliance and risk mitigation;
•Paysafe may have difficulty obtaining or maintaining relationships with merchants and third-party service providers for its business, such as banks and payment card networks, including as a result of their assessment and appetite for the compliance, cost, government regulation, risk of consumer fraud or public pressure that can be associated with some of the specialized industry verticals that Paysafe operates in. For example, merchants may compel Paysafe to change their operations or add bespoke or enhanced internal controls in order to do business with them; and
•from time to time, the industry verticals Paysafe serves (and Paysafe by association) are the subject of negative publicity, which can harm Paysafe’s brand and deter consumers and merchants from adopting its products and services and influence its’ third-party service providers’ assessment of its’ business.
The enhanced risks resulting from Paysafe’s core focus can materialize suddenly and without warning, which may result in increased volatility in its’ results of operations compared with other companies in its’ industry that do not provide services to companies in the global entertainment sectors, and could result in a material adverse effect on Paysafe’s business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.
Paysafe is vulnerable to the effects of chargebacks, merchant insolvency and consumer deposit settlement risk.
Paysafe is exposed to the effect of chargebacks and merchant insolvency in its integrated processing business. In that business, Paysafe is liable to various acquiring banks for chargebacks incurred by its merchants where the merchants are unable to meet liabilities arising as a result of those chargebacks. If the average chargeback rate on any of Paysafe’s merchant portfolios at any acquiring bank exceeds the maximum average chargeback rate permitted by the card agreements, Paysafe will be required to take steps to reduce the average chargeback rate so that it falls below the maximum permitted rate or risk losing its relationship with that acquiring bank. Those steps might include processing more transactions for merchants who have lower chargeback rates to produce a lower average chargeback rate for the portfolio as a whole or terminating relationships with merchants who have higher chargeback rates, which could in turn lead to a material loss of revenue for Paysafe. Chargebacks may arise as individual claims or as multiple claims relating to the same facts or circumstances. For example, the insolvency or cessation of a merchant doing business could cause numerous individual customers to bring claims at once which, either singly or in aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on Paysafe’s results of operations, financial condition and future prospects. Similarly, chargebacks or fraud related to Paysafe’s customers or merchants in its digital wallet business could cause the payment card schemes of which Paysafe is a member in Europe to require Paysafe to implement additional and potentially costly controls, and ultimately disqualify it from processing transactions if satisfactory controls are not maintained. Further, if any of the services Paysafe offers are deemed to have caused or contributed to illegal activity, customers, consumer protection agencies and regulatory firms could band together to initiate chargeback card payments or ACH reversals for transactions associated with the activity in question.
In Paysafe’s digital wallet business, Paysafe offers its merchants a "no chargeback policy." A chargeback is the return of funds to a customer and in this context relates to a reversal of unauthorized charges to a customer’s credit card, for example, as a result of fraud or identity theft. Under Paysafe’s "no chargeback policy," Paysafe agrees to allow merchants who qualify under its vetting policy to retain all monies received from its’ NETELLER and Skrill Digital wallet holders and undertake not to request reimbursement from such merchants in respect of chargebacks incurred. In such cases, the full amount of the
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disputed transaction is charged back to Paysafe, and its credit card processor may levy additional fees against Paysafe unless they can successfully challenge the chargeback. Paysafe believes that its "no chargeback policy" is a key factor in a merchant’s decision to use its digital wallet services.
Paysafe’s businesses are also subject to merchant credit risk in respect of non-payment for products provided and services rendered or non-reimbursement of costs incurred. The contracts Paysafe enters into may require significant expenditure prior to merchant payments and may expose Paysafe to potential credit risk or may require Paysafe to use its available bank facilities in order to meet payment obligations.
Additionally, Paysafe is exposed to risk associated with the settlement of consumer deposits. Digital wallet deposits from financial institutions, such as bank accounts, are credited to customer accounts before settlement of funds is received. Thus, there is a risk that the funds may not be settled or may be recalled due to insufficient funds or fraud reasons, exposing Paysafe to the risk of negative customer wallet balances and bad debt. Further, digital wallet prepaid card deposits or transactions made by consumers may be charged back by consumers resulting in a negative balance and loss on Paysafe’s accounts. If Paysafe is unable to effectively manage and monitor these risks, they could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition and future prospects.
Paysafe may become an unwitting party to fraud or be deemed to be handling proceeds resulting from the criminal activity of its customers.
Paysafe is focused on providing trusted services to its customers and merchants and ensuring that data and confidential information is transmitted and stored securely. Combating money laundering and fraud is a significant challenge in the online payment services industry because transactions are conducted between parties who are not physically present, which in turn creates opportunities for misrepresentation and abuse. Criminals are using increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities such as identity theft, fraud and paper instrument counterfeiting. Online payment companies are especially vulnerable because of the convenience, immediacy and in some cases anonymity of transferring funds from one account to another and subsequently withdrawing them. The highly automated nature of, and liquidity offered by, Paysafe’s payments services make it a target for illegal or improper uses, including fraudulent or illegal sales of goods or services, money laundering and terrorist financing. Allegations of fraud may result in fines, settlements, litigation expenses and reputational damage.
While Paysafe employs a variety of tools to protect against fraud, these tools may not be successful. Paysafe reserves the right to refuse to accept accounts or transactions from many high-risk countries, internet protocol addresses and e-mail domains and continually update these screening filters. Paysafe’s transaction monitoring systems are designed to identify various criteria, including the country of origination, in order to detect and monitor fraud and to reject any purported transactions if they appear to be fraudulent. Nevertheless, Paysafe’s transaction monitoring systems may not operate as intended or may otherwise fail to effectively detect fraudulent transactions or locate where a transaction is being made. Paysafe faces significant risks of loss due to money laundering, fraud and disputes between senders and recipients, and if Paysafe is unable to deal effectively with losses from fraudulent transactions its business could be materially harmed.
The ability for customers to withdraw and deposit funds within various accounts and the potential for customer fraud in connection with certain gambling activities heightens the risks of money laundering and the unwitting receipt by Paysafe of criminal proceeds. Paysafe’s industry is under increasing scrutiny from governmental authorities—in Europe, the United States and many other jurisdictions in which it operates—in connection with the potential for consumer fraud. The laws of some jurisdictions define or interpret what constitutes the underlying criminal activity that gives rise to criminal proceeds relatively narrowly (for example, terrorist financing). Conversely, other jurisdictions have adopted laws providing for relatively broad definitions or interpretations of underlying criminal activity (for example, in the UK criminal proceeds may arise from the conviction of any criminal offense where it is found that the defendant has benefited from the criminal conduct). Further, to the extent to which payment processors may be held civilly or criminally liable for the criminal activities of its merchant customers also varies widely across the jurisdictions in which Paysafe operates.
If consumer fraud levels involving Paysafe’s services were to rise, it could lead to regulatory intervention and reputational and financial damage. This, in turn, could lead to additional government enforcement actions and investigations and concerns raised by merchants and Paysafe’s banking partners, which in turn could reduce the use and acceptance of Paysafe’s services or increase its compliance costs and thereby have a material adverse impact on its’ business, financial condition and results of operations. By processing payments for merchants and customers in certain industry vehicles, such as those engaged in the online gambling sector, Paysafe may be deemed to be handling proceeds of crime in the jurisdiction where its merchants and customers are located. Paysafe is subject to anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including, in the United States, the BSA which requires money services businesses such as Paysafe to develop and implement risk-based anti-money laundering programs, report large cash transactions and suspicious activity and maintain transaction records. Paysafe has adopted a program to comply with these and other anti-money laundering regulations, but any errors or failure to implement the program properly could lead to lawsuits, administrative action and government fines and/or prosecution. In addition, even if Paysafe
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complies with such reporting and record-keeping requirements, law enforcement agencies in the relevant country could seize merchants’ or customers’ funds that are the proceeds of unlawful activity. Any such action could result in adverse publicity for Paysafe’s business and could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition and future prospects.
Risks Relating to the Company's Structure
We may become subject to the Investment Company Act of 1940.
We do not believe that we are subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "40 Act"). We primarily acquire interests in operating companies and are engaged in actively managing and operating a core group of those companies, which we are committed to supporting for the long-term. Our officers, the Manager and any employees who provide services to us pursuant to the terms of our corporate services agreement with FNF devote their activities to these businesses. Based on these factors, we believe that we are not an investment company under the 40 Act, including under Section 3(b)(1) of the 40 Act, and we intend to continue to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed an investment company. If, at any time, we become or are determined to be primarily engaged in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities, we could become subject to regulation under the 40 Act. In these circumstances, after giving effect to any applicable grace periods, we may be required to register as an investment company, which could result in significant registration and compliance costs, could require changes to our corporate governance structure and financial reporting, and could restrict our activities going forward. In addition, if we were to become subject to the 40 Act, any violation of the 40 Act could subject us to material adverse consequences, including potentially significant regulatory penalties and the possibility that certain of our contracts would be deemed unenforceable.
Certain executive officers and members of our Board of Directors have or will have interests and positions that could present potential conflicts.
Certain executive officers and members of our Board serve on the boards of directors of other entities or are employed by other entities, including but not limited to D&B, Trasimene, Alight, FNF, Black Knight, System1 or BKFE.
As a result of the foregoing, there may be circumstances where certain executive officers and directors may be subject to conflicts of interest with respect to, among other things: (i) our ongoing relationships with D&B, Trasimene, Alight, FNF, Black Knight, System1 or BKFE; (ii) business opportunities arising for any of us; and (iii) conflicts of time with respect to matters potentially or actually involving or affecting us. For example, from time to time, we may enter into transactions with such other entities and/or their respective subsidiaries or other affiliates. There can be no assurance that the terms of any such transactions will be as favorable to our company or any of our respective subsidiaries or affiliates as would be the case where there is no overlapping director.
We have in place a code of business conduct and ethics prescribing procedures for managing conflicts of interest and our risk management and compliance functions and our audit committee are responsible for the review, approval or ratification of any potential conflicts of interest transactions. Additionally, we expect that interested directors will abstain from decisions with respect to conflicts of interest as a matter of practice. However, there can be no assurance that such measures will be effective, that we will be able to resolve all potential conflicts or that the resolution of any such conflicts will be no less favorable to us than if we were dealing with an unaffiliated third-party.
Refer to Note O to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to our related party relationships and transactions with our Manager and certain members of our Board.
General Risk Factors
The loss of key personnel could impair our operating abilities and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success will substantially depend on our ability to attract and retain key members of our senior management team and officers. If we lose one or more of these key employees, our operating results and in turn the value of our common stock could be materially adversely affected. Although we may enter into employment agreements with our officers, there can be no assurance that the entire term of any employment agreement will be served or that any employment agreement will be renewed upon expiration.
Data security and integrity are critically important to the businesses we own and manage, and cybersecurity incidents, including cyberattacks, breaches of security, unauthorized access to or disclosure of confidential information, business disruption, or the perception that confidential information is not secure, could result in a material loss of business, regulatory enforcement, substantial legal liability and/or significant harm to their reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Improper access to, misappropriation, destruction or disclosure of confidential, personal or proprietary data could result in significant harm to our reputation or the reputation of any of the businesses we own. For example, D&B collects, stores and
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transmits a large amount of confidential company information on over millions of total businesses, including financial information and personal information. D&B operates in an environment of significant risk of cybersecurity incidents resulting from unintentional events or deliberate attacks by third parties or insiders, which may involve exploiting highly obscure security vulnerabilities or sophisticated attack methods.
With respect to Alight, one of its significant responsibilities is to maintain the security and privacy of its employees’ and clients’ confidential and proprietary information and the confidential information about clients’ employees’ compensation, health and benefits information and other personally identifiable information. With respect to our Restaurant Group companies, they rely heavily on information technology systems across their operations and corporate functions, including for order and delivery from suppliers and distributors, point-of-sale processing in their restaurants, management of their supply chains, payment of obligations, collection of cash, bakery production, data warehousing to support analytics, finance or accounting systems, labor optimization tools, gift cards, online business and various other processes and transactions, including the storage of employee and customer information. With respect to Paysafe, its operations rely on the secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential, proprietary, personal, financial and other information in its’ computer systems and networks. Paysafe’s information technology security systems, software and networks and those of the customers and third parties with whom Paysafe interacts may be vulnerable to unauthorized access (from within or by third parties), computer viruses or other malicious code, or other cybersecurity threats, which could result in the unauthorized access, loss, theft or disclosure of confidential, proprietary, or personal information relating to merchants, customers and employees.
The businesses we own and manage have experienced and expect to continue to experience numerous attempts to access their computer systems, software, networks, data and other technology assets on a daily basis. The security and protection of their data is a top priority for them. Such businesses devote significant resources to maintain and regularly upgrade the wide array of physical, technical and contractual safeguards that they employ to provide security around the collection, storage, use, access and delivery of information they possess. These businesses have implemented various measures to manage their risks related to system and network security and disruptions, but an actual or perceived security breach, a failure to make adequate disclosures to the public or law enforcement agencies following any such event or a significant and extended disruption in the functioning of its information technology systems could damage a portfolio company’s reputation and cause it to lose clients, adversely impact its operations, sales and operating results and require it to incur significant expense to address and remediate or otherwise resolve such issues.
Although our businesses have not incurred material losses or liabilities to date as a result of any breaches, unauthorized disclosure, loss or corruption of their data or inability of their clients to access their systems, such events could result in intellectual property or other confidential information being lost or stolen, including client, employee or business data, disrupt their operations, subject them to substantial regulatory and legal proceedings and potential liability and fines, result in a material loss of business and/or significantly harm their reputation. If they are unable to efficiently manage the vulnerability of their systems and effectively maintain and upgrade their system safeguards, they may incur unexpected costs and certain of their systems may become more vulnerable to unauthorized access. Furthermore, if we are unable to similarly effectively maintain and upgrade our corporate system safeguards, data and confidential information we may have access to from time to time about the businesses we own and manage may also become more vulnerable to unauthorized access.
Due to concerns about data security and integrity, a growing number of legislative and regulatory bodies have adopted breach notification and other requirements in the event that information subject to such laws is accessed by unauthorized persons and additional regulations regarding the use, access, accuracy and security of such data are possible. For example, in the United States, D&B is subject to laws that provide for at least 50 disparate notification regimes. Complying with such numerous and complex regulations in the event of unauthorized access would be expensive and difficult, and failure to comply with these regulations could subject D&B to regulatory scrutiny and additional liability. In many jurisdictions, including North America and the European Union, Alight is subject to laws and regulations relating to the collection, use, retention, security and transfer of this information including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended ("HIPAA") and the HIPAA regulations governing, among other things, the privacy, security and electronic transmission of individually identifiable protected health information, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act ("PIPEDA") and the European Union General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"). California also enacted legislation, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 ("CCPA") and the related California Privacy Rights Act ("CPRA"), that afford California residents expanded privacy protections and a private right of action for security breaches affecting their personal information. These and other similar laws and regulations are frequently changing and are becoming increasingly complex and sometimes conflict among the various jurisdictions and countries in which Alight provides services both in terms of substance and in terms of enforceability. This makes compliance challenging and expensive. Alight’s failure to adhere to or successfully implement processes in response to changing regulatory requirements in this area could result in legal liability or impairment to our reputation in the marketplace.
If Cannae or its businesses are unable to protect their computer systems, software, networks, data and other technology assets it could have a material adverse effect on their business, financial condition and results of operations, and ultimately the value of our businesses. We record many of our ownership interests using the equity method of accounting, through which we
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record our proportionate share of their net earnings or loss in our consolidated financial statements. Equity-method investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. If our equity-method investment is not recoverable, we may be required to record an impairment charge, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
The due diligence process that we undertake in connection with new acquisitions may not reveal all facts that may be relevant in connection with acquisitions of ownership interests.
Before making acquisitions, we conduct due diligence that we deem reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment. When conducting due diligence, we may be required to evaluate important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, environmental and legal issues. Outside consultants, legal advisers, accountants and investment banks may be involved in the due diligence process in varying degrees depending on the type of business and transaction. Nevertheless, when conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an acquisition, we rely on the resources available to us, including information provided by the target of the transaction and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations. The due diligence investigation that we carry out with respect to any opportunity may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts (including fraud) that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating such opportunity. Moreover, such an investigation will not necessarily result in the acquisition being successful.
Our management may seek growth through acquisitions in lines of business that will not necessarily be limited to our current areas of focus or geographic areas. This expansion of our business subjects us to associated risks, such as the diversion of management's attention and lack of experience in operating such businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may make acquisitions in lines of business that are not directly tied to or synergistic with our current portfolio companies. Accordingly, we may in the future acquire businesses in industries or geographic areas with which management is less familiar than we are with our current businesses.
The acquisition and integration of any business we may acquire involves a number of risks and may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures in assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products, personnel or operations of the acquired business. Furthermore, acquisitions may: (1) involve our entry into geographic or business markets in which we have little or no prior experience; (2) involve difficulties in retaining the customers of the acquired business; (3) involve difficulties and expense associated with regulatory requirements, competition controls or investigations; (4) result in a delay or reduction of sales for both us and the business we acquire; and (5) disrupt our ongoing business, divert our resources and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for ongoing development of our current business.
To complete future acquisitions, we may determine that it is necessary to use a substantial amount of our cash or engage in equity or debt financing. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters that make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital in the future and to pursue other business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all, which could limit our ability to engage in acquisitions. Moreover, we can make no assurances that the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, such as operating improvements or anticipated cost savings, would be realized or that we would not be exposed to unexpected liabilities in connection with any acquisition.
Further, an acquisition may negatively affect our operating results because it may require us to incur charges and substantial debt or other liabilities, may cause adverse tax consequences, substantial depreciation and amortization of deferred compensation charges, may require the amortization, write-down or impairment of amounts related to deferred compensation, goodwill and other intangible assets, may include substantial contingent consideration payments or other compensation that reduce our earnings during the quarter in which incurred, or may not generate sufficient financial return to offset acquisition costs.
We may often pursue opportunities that involve businesses, regulatory, legal or other complexities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As an element of our strategy, we may pursue unusually complex opportunities. This could often take the form of substantial business, regulatory or legal complexity. Our tolerance for complexity may present risks, as such transactions can be more difficult, expensive and time-consuming to finance and execute; it may be more difficult to manage or realize value from the assets acquired in such transactions; and such transactions may sometimes entail a higher level of regulatory scrutiny or a greater risk of contingent liabilities. Any of these risks could harm our performance.
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We and the businesses we own and manage, from time to time in the ordinary course of business, are involved in legal proceedings and may experience unfavorable outcomes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We and the businesses we own and manage, from time to time in the ordinary course of business, are involved in pending and threatened litigation matters, some of which include claims for punitive or exemplary damages. We and such companies are also subject to compliance with extensive government laws and regulations related to employment practices and policies. We may not be able to successfully resolve these types of conflicts to their satisfaction, and these matters may involve claims for substantial amounts of money or for other relief that might necessitate changes to their business or operations. The defense of these actions may be both time consuming and expensive and their outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. Determining reserves for pending litigation is a complex, fact-intensive process that requires significant legal judgment. It is possible that unfavorable outcomes in one or more such proceedings could result in substantial payments that could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows in a particular period or on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The lack of liquidity in certain of our ownership interests may adversely affect our business.
We invest, and will continue to invest, in companies whose securities are not publicly traded and whose securities will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of ownership interests with these characteristics may make it difficult for us to sell these positions when desired. In addition, if we are required or otherwise choose to liquidate all or a portion of our assets quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these ownership interests. Our businesses are often subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid because there is usually no established trading market for such ownership interests. Because certain of our businesses are illiquid, we may be unable to dispose of them timely or we may be unable to do so at a favorable price, and, as a result, we may suffer losses.
Our charter, bylaws and provisions of Delaware law may discourage or prevent strategic transactions, including a takeover of our company, even if such a transaction would be beneficial to our stockholders.
Provisions contained in our charter and bylaws and provisions of the Delaware General Corporate Law ("DGCL"), could delay or prevent a third-party from entering into a strategic transaction with us, as applicable, even if such a transaction would benefit our stockholders. For example, our charter and bylaws: (1) authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that could be issued by us upon approval of our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding shares of capital stock, making a takeover more difficult and expensive; (2) provide that directors may be removed from office only for cause and that any vacancy on our board of directors may only be filled by a majority of our directors then in office, which may make it difficult for other stockholders to reconstitute our board of directors; (3) provide that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only upon the request of a majority of our board of directors or by our executive chairman, chief executive officer or president, as applicable; (4) require advance notice to be given by stockholders for any stockholder proposals or director nominees; (5) provide that directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by stockholders, which results in each director nominee elected by a plurality winning his or her seat upon receiving one "for" vote; and (6) provide that the board of directors is divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, with one class being elected at each annual meeting of stockholders, which could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire, or discourage a third-party from seeking to acquire, control of Cannae.
These restrictions and provisions could keep us from pursuing relationships with strategic partners and from raising additional capital, which could impede our ability to expand our business and strengthen our competitive position. These restrictions could also limit stockholder value by impeding a sale of our company.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
We received a comment letter (the "Comment Letter") from the SEC staff (the "Staff") on July 19, 2021, in which the SEC inquired, among other things, why we are not an Investment Company subject to regulation under the 40 Act. In response we explained that, based on extensive legal analysis, we do not believe that we are subject to regulation under the 40 Act and we also provided the supplemental analyses and information requested by the Staff to address this comment. As of the date of the filing of this Annual Report, the Company has not received further comments or questions from the Staff nor a closing letter.
Refer to discussion under the header Risks Relating to the Company’s Structure in Item 1A of this Annual Report for further discussion.
Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters are located in Las Vegas, Nevada in owned facilities.
Restaurant Group. The Restaurant Group's headquarters are located in Nashville, Tennessee with another office location in Woburn, Massachusetts. The majority of the restaurants are leased from third parties, and are located in 23 states throughout the United States. Substantially all of our Restaurant Group's revenues are generated in those states.
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Corporate and Other. Cannae RE owns an 1,800 acre ranch-style luxury resort and residential community in Bend/Powell Butte, Oregon.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
For a description of our legal proceedings see discussion under Legal and Regulatory Contingencies in Note M. Commitments and Contingencies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 3.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company's common stock trades on The New York Stock Exchange under the "CNNE" trading symbol.
Performance Graph
Set forth below is a graph comparing cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock against the cumulative total return on the S&P 500 Index and against the cumulative total return of a peer group index consisting of certain companies against which we compete for the period ending December 31, 2022. The peer group comparison has been weighted based on their stock market capitalization. The graph tracks the performance of a of $100.00 investment, with reinvestment of all dividends (if any), from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2022.
| 12/31/2017 | 12/31/2018 | 12/31/2019 | 12/31/2020 | 12/31/2021 | 12/31/2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cannae Holdings, Inc. | 100.00 | 100.53 | 218.38 | 259.95 | 206.40 | 121.26 | |||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 | 100.00 | 95.62 | 125.72 | 148.85 | 191.58 | 156.89 | |||||||||||||||||
Peer Group (1) | 100.00 | 86.60 | 139.86 | 140.69 | 212.55 | 192.16 | |||||||||||||||||
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(1) Peer group consists of the following companies: Apollo Global Management Inc., Compass Diversified Holdings, FS KKR Capital Corp. II, Golub Capital BDC, Inc., New Mountain Finance Corporation and Prospect Capital Corporation. The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
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On January 31, 2022, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The New York Stock Exchange was $24.44 per share. We had approximately 4,539 shareholders of record.
Information concerning securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans will be included in Item 12 of Part III of this Annual Report.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
On February 26, 2021, our Board authorized an additional three-year stock repurchase program (the "2021 Repurchase Program"), under which we were permitted to repurchase 10.0 million shares of our common stock. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices or in privately negotiated transactions through February 26, 2024. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or terminated at any time. Since the original commencement of the 2021 Repurchase Program through the date of this Annual Report, we have repurchased all 10.0 million common shares originally authorized thereunder for approximately $217.1 million in the aggregate, or an average of $21.71 per share.
On August 3, 2022, our Board authorized a new three-year stock repurchase program, (the "2022 Repurchase Program"), under which we may repurchase up to an additional 10.0 million shares of our common stock. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices or in privately negotiated transactions through August 3, 2025. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or terminated at any time. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 1,267,182 shares of CNNE common stock for approximately $26.8 million in the aggregate, or an average of $21.16 per share, pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program.
The following table summarizes repurchases of equity securities by Cannae during the quarter ending December 31, 2022:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)(2) | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10/1/2022 - 10/31/2022 | 499,301 | $ | 21.14 | 499,301 | 10,558,517 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 11/1/2022 - 11/30/2022 | 600,000 | $ | 23.67 | 600,000 | 9,958,517 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 12/1/2022 - 12/31/2022 | 1,225,699 | $ | 21.10 | 1,225,699 | 8,732,818 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,325,000 | 2,325,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________________________
(1) On March 1, 2021, our Board of Directors approved the 2021 Repurchase Program, under which we were permitted to purchase up to 10.0 million shares of our CNNE common stock through February 26, 2024.
(2) On August 3, 2022, our Board of Directors approved the 2022 Repurchase Program, under which we may purchase up to 10.0 million shares of our CNNE common stock through August 3, 2025.
(3) As of the last day of the applicable month.
Item 6. Reserved
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
For a description of our business, including descriptions of segments and recent business trends, see the discussion under Business in Item 1 of Part I of this Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Recent Developments
Ceridian
In January 2022, we completed the sale of 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Rule 144"). In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $173.3 million. In May 2022 and June 2022, we completed the aggregate sales of an additional 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian on the open market. In connection with such sales, we received proceeds of $112.4 million.
As of December 31, 2022, we owned 6.0 million shares of Ceridian common stock which represented approximately 3.9% of the outstanding common stock of Ceridian.
Subsequent to December 31, 2022 through the date of this Annual Report, we sold 1.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian for proceeds of $78.0 million.
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System1
On January 10, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the backstop facility agreement (the "System1 Backstop Agreement") pursuant to which our commitment to fund redemptions of shareholders of Trebia Acquisition Corp. ("Trebia") in conjunction with its merger with System1 (the "Trebia System1 Business Combination") increased from $200.0 million to $250.0 million. Also on January 10, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated sponsor agreement with the sponsors of Trebia pursuant to which the sponsors will forfeit up to an additional Trebia 1,352,941 Class B ordinary shares to Trebia, and Trebia will issue to Cannae an equal number of shares of Trebia Class A common stock in connection with, and based upon the extent of, Cannae’s obligation with respect to the increase in our backstop commitment. Trebia was co-sponsored by entities affiliated with the chairman and a member of our board of directors ("Board"), William P. Foley II and Frank R. Martire, respectively.
On January 27, 2022, the Trebia System1 Business Combination was completed and System1 merged with and into Trebia, with System1 as the surviving corporation. Beginning on January 28, 2022, System1’s common stock began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "SST." At the completion of the Trebia System1 Business Combination, Cannae had invested a total of $248.3 million in System1, directly and indirectly owned 28.2 million of System1 common shares and indirectly owned 1.2 million warrants to purchase System1 common shares (the "System1 Warrants").
On March 17, 2022, the trading price of System1 Class A common stock exceeded certain thresholds resulting in the conversion of System1's outstanding Class D common stock to Class A common stock. As a result, the 833,750 shares of System1 Class D common stock held by the sponsor of Trebia, Trasimene Trebia LP ("Trebia Sponsor"), in which we owned a 26.1% limited partnership interest converted to shares of System1 Class A common stock. Cannae's ratable portion of such shares is 217,500 shares.
On April 18, 2022, Trebia Sponsor exercised its System1 warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for System 1 Class A common stock. As a result, Cannae no longer has an indirect interest in any System1 warrants and has an indirect interest in an additional 0.5 million shares of System1 common stock held by Trebia Sponsor. We now have an indirect interest in a total of 1.7 million shares of System 1 common stock held by Trebia Sponsor.
In the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold an aggregate of 1.8 million shares of System1 common stock for aggregate proceeds of $23.2 million.
As of December 31, 2022, we directly and indirectly owned 27.1 million shares of System1 common stock representing an approximate 24.0% ownership interest. We account for our direct ownership of the common equity of System1 under the equity method of accounting.
Optimal Blue
On February 15, 2022, we completed the disposition (the "Optimal Blue Disposition") of our ownership interests in Optimal Blue Holdco, LLC ("Optimal Blue") to Black Knight, Inc. ("Black Knight") pursuant to a purchase agreement dated as of February 15, 2022, by and among Black Knight, Cannae, and Optimal Blue, among others. In conjunction with the Optimal Blue Disposition, we received aggregate consideration of (y) $144.5 million in cash and (z) 21.8 million shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of D&B. Following the consummation of the Optimal Blue Disposition, Cannae no longer has any ownership interest in Optimal Blue. We recorded a gain of $313.0 million on the sale which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Dun & Bradstreet
On February 15, 2022, we received 21.8 million shares of D&B as partial consideration for the Optimal Blue Disposition. As part of our carried interest paid to our Manager related to the Optimal Blue Disposition, we transferred to our Manager 1.6 million of the D&B shares we received. See Note B for further discussion of our accounting for our increased ownership interest in D&B.
In July 2022, we completed the sale of 9.2 million shares of common stock of D&B to a broker pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $127.2 million and recorded a gain of $23.2 million.
In the year ended December 31, 2022, the board of directors of D&B declared and paid quarterly cash dividends aggregating to $0.10 per share of DNB common stock. As a result, we received $8.0 million of cash dividends from D&B in the year ended December 31, 2022, which are recorded as a reduction to the basis of our recorded asset for D&B.
As of December 31, 2022, we owned 79.0 million shares of D&B, which represented approximately 18.1% of its outstanding common stock.
Alight
In March 2022, the sponsor of Foley Trasimene Acquisition Corp. ("FTAC") distributed all of its interest in Alight to its limited partners, including Cannae. As a result, Cannae now directly holds all of its interest in common equity of Alight.
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As of December 31, 2022, we owned 52.5 million shares of Alight which represented approximately 9.7% of its outstanding common equity.
AmeriLife
In June 2022, AmeriLife announced an investment from a leading private equity firm. In conjunction with the new investment, we entered into a redemption agreement pursuant to which we divested 46.0% of our ownership interest in AmeriLife (the "June AmeriLife Sale"). On August 31, 2022, we closed the June AmeriLife Sale and received gross cash proceeds of $152.5 million ($4.6 million of which was subsequently distributed to noncontrolling interest holders). As a result of the June AmeriLife Sale, we recorded a gain of $102.5 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
On September 14, 2022, we entered into a contribution, redemption and equity purchase agreement pursuant to which we agreed to sell a portion of the ownership interest in AmeriLife that we retained subsequent to the June AmeriLife Sale (the "September AmeriLife Sale" and together with the June AmeriLife Sale the "AmeriLife Sales"). On November 15, 2022, we closed on the September AmeriLife Sale and received gross cash proceeds of approximately $97.5 million (of which $2.9 million was subsequently distributed to noncontrolling interest holders).
As a result of the AmeriLife Sales, we no longer had any rights to designate any seats on the board of managers of AmeriLife, and as a result, we are no longer able to exert influence over the composition and quantity of AmeriLife's board. In combination with the reduction of ownership of AmeriLife to 4.6% as a result of the sales of our ownership interest in AmeriLife, we no longer exercise significant influence over AmeriLife. As of November 15, 2022, we account for our investment in AmeriLife as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value pursuant to the investment in equity security guidance of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 321. The change in accounting resulted in the revaluation of our investment in AmeriLife to the fair value implied by the AmeriLife Sales of $88.5 million and recording a gain on such revaluation of $67.2 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
CorroHealth
On September 30, 2022, we sold all of our equity interest in Coding Solutions Topco, Inc. ("CorroHealth") for cash proceeds of $78.7 million (the "CorroHealth Sale"). As a result of the CorroHealth Sale, we recorded a gain of $5.9 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Subsequent to the transaction, we have no further equity interest or involvement in CorroHealth.
Paysafe
From September 2022 through November 2022, we disposed of an aggregate of 19.2 million shares, 5.0 million warrants and 3.1 million LLC units of Paysafe for aggregate consideration of $27.1 million.
On December 12, 2022, Paysafe effected a 1-for-12 reverse stock split and its common shares began trading on a split-adjusted basis on December 13, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, we directly owned 3.4 million shares of Paysafe which represented approximately 5.6% of the outstanding common equity of Paysafe.
Computer Services, Inc.
On August 19, 2022, we entered into a subscription agreement with BGPT Catalyst, L.P. (the "CSI LP") pursuant to which we committed to acquire a 32% limited partnership ownership interest in CSI LP for cash consideration of approximately $86.1 million (the "CSI Subscription"). CSI LP is managed by entities affiliated with Frank Martire, a member of our Board, and is part of a consortium of investors who committed to acquire Computer Services, Inc. ("CSI").
On November 8, 2022, we funded the CSI Subscription and on November 16, 2022, the consortium of investors completed the acquisition of CSI. We have a 9.1% indirect, economic interest in CSI as a result of the transaction.
Black Knight Football and Entertainment
On October 8, 2022, we entered into a limited partnership agreement with Black Knight Football and Entertainment, LP ("BKFE") and committed to purchase a 50.1% limited partnership ownership interest in BKFE for $132.8 million (the "BKFE Commitment"). Also on October 8, 2022, BKFE entered into a stock purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the equity interests of Athletic Football Club Bournemouth ("AFCB"), a football club that competes in the English Premier League. The chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II, is the general partner of BKFE and owns a 25% economic interest in BKFE.
On November 16, 2022, we funded $52.2 million of the BKFE Commitment. On December 13, 2022, BKFE completed the acquisition of AFCB.
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In the first quarter of 2023, we funded $40.3 million of the BKFE Commitment. We expect to fund the remaining BKFE Commitment before the end of the third quarter of 2023.
On January 13, 2023, BKFE entered into a strategic partnership and agreed to acquire a significant minority interest in FC Lorient, a football club that competes in France's Ligue 1. On February 1, 2023, BKFE completed the acquisition of a minority interest in FC Lorient.
Other Developments
Effective February 26, 2021, our Board authorized a three-year stock repurchase program (the "2021 Repurchase Program") under which we were permitted to repurchase up to 10.0 million shares of our common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 9,483,416 shares of CNNE common stock for approximately $198.5 million in the aggregate, or an average of $20.93 per share, pursuant to the 2021 Repurchase Program, of which 5,775,598 shares were repurchased from FNF for an aggregate amount of $108.7 million.
On August 3, 2022, our Board authorized a new three-year stock repurchase program (the "2022 Repurchase Program"), under which we may repurchase up to an additional 10.0 million shares of our common stock. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices or in privately negotiated transactions through August 3, 2025. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or terminated at any time. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 1,267,182 shares of CNNE common stock for approximately $26.8 million in the aggregate, or an average of $21.16 per share, pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program.
Related Party Transactions
Our financial statements for all years presented reflect transactions with our Manager and certain members of our Board. See Note O to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See Note A to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for discussion of all our significant accounting policies.
The accounting policies and estimates described below are those we consider critical in preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements. Management is required to make estimates and assumptions that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures with respect to contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates - applicability of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 323. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are recorded using the equity method of accounting. If an investor does not possess a controlling financial interest over an investee but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee’s operating and financial policies, the investor must account for such an investment under the equity method of accounting. For investments in common stock or in-substance common stock of an investee, which an investor does not control, the general but rebuttable presumption exists that an ownership of greater than 20% of the outstanding equity of an investee indicates the investor has significant influence. For investments in partnerships and similar entities for which an investor does not control, equity method of accounting for the investment is generally required unless the investor's interest is so minor that the investor has virtually no influence.
In the ordinary course of our business, we make investments in companies that provide us with varying degrees of control and influence over the underlying investees through our level of ownership of the outstanding equity of the investee, participation in management of the investee, participation on the board of directors of investees, and/or legal agreements with other investors with control implications. As a result, our analysis of the appropriate accounting for our various ownership interests often requires judgment regarding the level of control, significant influence or lack thereof the Company has over each investee. If we are required to account at fair value for certain of our ownership interests in which we have concluded the Company has significant influence resulting in the application of the equity method of accounting, the impact of such change could significantly impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
For example, as of March 31, 2020, our voting agreement with Ceridian was terminated and, as a result, we are no longer able to exert influence over the composition and quantity of Ceridian's board of directors. In combination with the reduction in our ownership of Ceridian resulting from the sale of shares in February 2020, we no longer exercise significant influence over Ceridian. As of March 31, 2020, we began accounting for our investment in Ceridian at fair value pursuant to the investment in equity security guidance of ASC 321. The change resulted in the revaluation of our investment in Ceridian to its fair value of $993.4 million as of March 31, 2020 and recording a gain on such revaluation of $684.9 million (net of $47.1 million of before-tax losses reclassified from other comprehensive earnings), which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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As of December 31, 2022, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Dun & Bradstreet but continue to account for our ownership interest under the equity method because we continue to exert significant influence through our 18.1% ownership, because certain of our senior management and directors serve on Dun & Bradstreet's board of directors, and because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity sponsors pursuant to which we have agreed to collectively vote together on all matters related to the election of directors to the Dun & Bradstreet board of directors for a period of three years.
As of December 31, 2022, the book value of our investment in D&B accounted for under the equity method of accounting is $857.1 million. Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of our ownership of Dun & Bradstreet common stock was $969.1 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Alight but we account for our ownership under the equity method because we exert significant influence: (a) through our 9.7% direct and indirect ownership, (b) because certain of our senior management and directors serve on Alight's board of directors, including the chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II, who is also the chairman of Alight's board of directors, and (c) because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity investors pursuant to which we have the ability to appoint or be consulted on the election of the majority of the total directors of Alight.
As of December 31, 2022, the book value of our investment in Alight accounted for under the equity method of accounting is $532.2 million. Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of our ownership of Alight common stock was approximately $438.7 million as of December 31, 2022.
On November 15, 2022, we closed on the September AmeriLife Sale and received gross cash proceeds of approximately $97.5 million (of which $2.9 million was subsequently distributed to noncontrolling interest holders). As a result of the AmeriLife Sales, we no longer have any rights to designate any seats on the board of managers of AmeriLife, and as a result, we are no longer able to exert influence over the composition and quantity of AmeriLife's board. In combination with the reduction of ownership of AmeriLife to 4.6% as a result of the current year sales of our equity interest, we no longer exercise significant influence over AmeriLife. As of November 15, 2022, we account for our investment in AmeriLife as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value pursuant to the investment in equity security guidance of ASC 321. The change in accounting resulted in the revaluation of our investment in AmeriLife to the fair value implied by the AmeriLife Sales of $88.5 million and recording a gain on such revaluation of $67.2 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates - impairment monitoring. On an ongoing basis, management monitors our investments in unconsolidated affiliates to determine whether there are indications that the fair value of an investment may be other-than-temporarily below our recorded book value of the investment. Factors considered when determining whether a decline in the fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary include but are not limited to: the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than book value, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the investee for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.
As of March 31, 2022, the fair value of our ownership interest in Paysafe based on quoted market prices was $202.6 million and the book value of our recorded asset for Paysafe was $438.6 million prior to any impairment. Due to significant impairments recorded by Paysafe to its intangible assets, the quantum of the decrease in the fair market value of our ownership interest, and negative trends in the alternative payments industry and decreasing market multiples of peer companies, management determined the decrease in value of our ownership interest in Paysafe was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $236.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. As a result of the impairment, the basis difference between the carrying value of our ownership interest in Paysafe and our ratable portion of Paysafe’s net assets which was previously attributable to equity method goodwill was eliminated.
As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of our investment in Paysafe based on quoted market prices was $418.8 million and the book value of our investment in Paysafe was $810.6 million prior to any impairment. Due to significant impairments recorded by Paysafe to its intangible assets in the three months ended September 30, 2021 and the quantum of the decrease in the fair market value of our investment, management determined the decrease in value of our investment in Paysafe was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $391.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of our investment in Paysafe based on quoted market prices was $46.9 million and the book value of our ownership interest was $33.7 million.
As of December 31, 2022, the book value of our investment in System1 accounted for under the equity method of accounting prior to any impairment was $228.7 million. Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of our ownership of System1 common stock was approximately $127.4 million as of December 31, 2022. Due to the quantum of the
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decrease in the fair market value of our ownership interest subsequent to our acquisition and the uncertainty of the impact of the economic environment on System1's business, management determined the decrease in value of our investment in System1 was other-than-temporary as of December 31, 2022. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment of $101.7 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Valuation of investments. The fair values of financial instruments presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements are estimates of the fair values at a specific point in time using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Estimates that utilize unobservable inputs are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and significant judgment in the interpretation of current market data.
The fair value hierarchy established by the accounting standards on fair value measurements includes three levels, which are based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities that are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that we have the ability to access.
Level 2. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on model inputs that are unobservable.
The Company’s financial instruments also include cash, cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate the fair values as maturities are less than three months.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents our fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | $ | 34.9 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 34.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Ceridian | 384.9 | — | — | 384.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 419.8 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 419.8 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceridian | $ | 1,044.6 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,044.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Austerlitz Acquisition Corp. II ("AAII") Forward Purchase Agreement | — | — | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity securities | 1,044.6 | — | 0.5 | 1,045.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| System1 Backstop Agreement | — | 12.0 | — | 12.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Paysafe Warrants | 5.4 | — | — | 5.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| AAII Warrants | — | 19.3 | — | 19.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other noncurrent assets | 5.4 | 31.3 | — | 36.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 1,050.0 | $ | 31.3 | $ | 0.5 | $ | 1,081.8 | |||||||||||||||
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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets, measured on a recurring basis:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | Forward Purchase | Subscription | AAII | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| securities | Agreements | Agreements | Warrants | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value, beginning of period | $ | 35.2 | $ | 136.1 | $ | 169.6 | $ | — | 340.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Recognized gain on settlement (1) | 1.5 | — | — | — | 1.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net valuation (loss) gain included in earnings (1) | — | (24.2) | 7.7 | (8.9) | (25.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification to investments in unconsolidated affiliates and Warrants | — | (111.4) | (177.3) | — | (288.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of AAII Warrants | — | — | — | 29.6 | 29.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net valuation gain included in other comprehensive earnings (2) | 0.6 | — | — | — | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfers to Level 2 | — | — | — | (20.7) | (20.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of corporate debt securities | (37.3) | — | — | — | (37.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value, end of period | $ | — | $ | 0.5 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
___________________________________________
(1) Included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2) Included in Unrealized gain on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings (Loss).
Accounting for Income Taxes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The impact of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred taxes, if any, is applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and reflected in the financial statements in the period enacted.
Refer to Note L to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion of our accounting for income taxes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We have completed our evaluation of the recently issued accounting pronouncements and we did not identify any that are expected to, if currently adopted, have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Certain Factors Affecting Comparability
Year ended December 31, 2021. On July 30, 2021, we closed on the sale of the net assets of VIBSQ Holdco, LLC ("VIBSQ") which owned the Village Inn and Bakers Square brands and related assets. On September 1, 2021, we closed on the sale of certain net assets of Rock Creek Idaho Holdings, LLC ("RC") and its subsidiaries. On September 3, 2021, we closed on the sale of Legendary Baking Holdings I, LLC ("Legendary Baking"). Our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 include the results of operations of VIBSQ, RC and Legendary Baking through their respective dates of sale.
Year ended December 31, 2020. On January 27, 2020, American Blue Ribbon Holdings, LLC ("Blue Ribbon") began a reorganization under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the "Blue Ribbon Reorganization") and we deconsolidated Blue Ribbon. On October 2, 2020, the Chapter 11 Plan became effective and Blue Ribbon emerged from bankruptcy as a set of reorganized companies. Upon Blue Ribbon's emergence from bankruptcy, we acquired the assets and uncompromised liabilities of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ in exchange for $15.5 million of the outstanding balance under the previously outstanding debtor-in-possession loan. Subsequent to Blue Ribbon's emergence from bankruptcy, we owned 100% of the equity of VIBSQ and Legendary Baking. Our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 include the consolidated results of operations of Blue Ribbon from January 1, 2020 through January 27, 2020 and of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ from October 2, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
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Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations
Net earnings. The following table presents certain financial data for the years indicated:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant revenue | $ | 630.6 | $ | 704.7 | $ | 559.7 | |||||||||||
| Other operating revenue | 31.5 | 37.5 | 26.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating revenues | 662.1 | 742.2 | 585.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of restaurant revenue | 571.4 | 617.4 | 524.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Personnel costs | 59.5 | 80.1 | 94.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 22.8 | 26.6 | 30.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses, including asset impairments | 153.0 | 151.6 | 116.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | — | 7.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 806.7 | 875.7 | 774.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (144.6) | (133.5) | (188.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest, investment and other income | 2.5 | 21.1 | 17.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (12.3) | (9.8) | (9.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Recognized (losses) gains, net | (181.2) | (310.8) | 2,362.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other (expense) income | (191.0) | (299.5) | 2,370.4 | ||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | (335.6) | (433.0) | 2,181.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | (89.9) | (74.0) | 481.2 | ||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates | (245.7) | (359.0) | 1,700.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | (183.9) | 72.6 | 59.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings | (429.6) | (286.4) | 1,759.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net (loss) earnings attributable to non-controlling interests | (1.5) | 0.6 | (26.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings attributable to Cannae Holdings, Inc. common shareholders | $ | (428.1) | $ | (287.0) | $ | 1,786.2 | |||||||||||
Revenues
Total revenue in 2022 decreased $80.1 million compared to 2021, primarily driven by a decrease in revenue in the Restaurant Group segment. Total revenue in 2021 increased $156.5 million compared to 2020, primarily driven by an increase in revenue in the Restaurant Group segment.
The change in revenues from our segments is discussed in further detail at the segment level below.
Expenses
Our operating expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, cost of restaurant revenue, other operating expenses, and depreciation and amortization.
Cost of restaurant revenue includes cost of food and beverage, primarily the costs of beef, groceries, produce, seafood, poultry and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, net of vendor discounts and rebates, payroll and related costs and expenses directly relating to restaurant level activities, and restaurant operating costs including occupancy and other operating expenses at the restaurant level.
Personnel costs include base salaries, commissions, benefits, stock-based compensation and bonuses paid to employees, and are one of our most significant operating expenses. Personnel costs that are directly attributable to the operations of the Restaurant Group are included in Cost of restaurant revenue.
Other operating expenses include management fees, carried interest fees, professional fees, advertising costs, travel expenses and impairments of operating assets.
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Depreciation and amortization expense consists of our depreciation related to investments in property and equipment as well as amortization of intangible assets.
The change in expenses from our segments is discussed in further detail at the segment level below.
Income tax (benefit) expense was $(89.9) million, $(74.0) million, and $481.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was 26.8%, 17.1%, and 22.1%, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate in all periods is primarily attributable to the varying impact of earnings or losses from unconsolidated affiliates on our consolidated pretax earnings or losses. The fluctuation in income tax benefit as a percentage of earnings before income taxes is attributable to our estimate of ultimate income tax liability and changes in the characteristics of net earnings year to year, such as the weighting of operating income versus investment income.
For a detailed breakout of our effective tax rate and further discussion on changes in our taxes, see Note L to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates for the periods indicated consisted of the following (in millions):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
Dun & Bradstreet (1) | $ | (8.8) | $ | (13.5) | $ | (46.8) | |||||||||||
| Alight | (1.6) | 38.2 | — | ||||||||||||||
Sightline (2) | (19.3) | (2.4) | — | ||||||||||||||
| System1 | (14.2) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
AmeriLife (3) | (19.1) | (8.7) | (4.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Paysafe | (144.2) | 53.3 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 23.3 | 5.7 | 109.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (183.9) | $ | 72.6 | $ | 59.1 | |||||||||||
_____________________________________
(1) Equity in losses for Dun & Bradstreet includes $7.2 million of loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 related to amortization of Cannae's basis difference between the book value of its ownership interest and ratable portion of the underlying equity in net assets of Dun & Bradstreet.
(2) Equity in losses for Sightline includes $7.7 million of loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 related to amortization of Cannae's basis difference between the book value of its ownership interest and ratable portion of the underlying equity in net assets of Sightline.
(3) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2022 represents the Company's equity in losses of AmeriLife prior to the change in accounting for the investment beginning November 15, 2022.
Net Earnings
Net earnings attributable to Cannae decreased $141.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 2021. Total net earnings attributable to Cannae decreased $2,073.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020.
The change in net earnings is attributable to the factors discussed above and net earnings from the segments is discussed in further detail at the segment level below.
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Segment Results of Operations
Restaurant Group
The following table presents the results from operations of our Restaurant Group segment:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant revenue | $ | 630.6 | $ | 704.7 | $ | 559.7 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of restaurant revenue | 571.4 | 617.4 | 524.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Personnel costs | 24.2 | 34.5 | 31.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 20.5 | 24.0 | 27.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses, including asset impairments | 36.5 | 40.4 | 53.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | — | 7.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 652.6 | 716.3 | 644.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (22.0) | (11.6) | (84.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (4.2) | (8.8) | (8.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Recognized gains and losses, net | 7.8 | 2.1 | 7.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | 3.6 | (6.7) | (1.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes and equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | (18.4) | (18.3) | (85.5) | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues for the Restaurant Group segment decreased $74.1 million, or 10.5%, in the year ended December 31, 2022 from 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased revenue related to our sale of the Village Inn, Baker's Square, and Legendary Baking concepts in 2021 and the closure and sales of underperforming O'Charley's locations. Total revenues for the Restaurant Group segment increased $145 million, or 25.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in comparable store sales driven by the reduced impact of social restrictions imposed by state and local governments in connection with COVID-19 in 2021 compared to 2020.
Revenue associated with our Legendary Baking, Village Inn, and Baker's Square brands was $62.0 million and $53.1 million, respectively, in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Revenue recorded for these brands in the year ended December 31, 2021 represents these brands' revenues through their respective dates of sales in the third quarter of 2021 and subsequent run-off sales of the remaining inventory of Legendary Baking. Revenue recorded for these brands in the year ended December 31, 2020 represents Blue Ribbon's revenue for the period from January 1, 2020 through January 27, 2020, the date of Blue Ribbon's filing for bankruptcy, and the brands' revenues for the period from October 2, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
Comparable Store Sales. One method we use in evaluating the performance of our restaurants is to compare sales results for restaurants period over period. A new restaurant is included in our comparable store sales figures starting in the first period following the restaurant's first seventy-eight weeks of operations. Changes in comparable store sales reflect changes in sales for the comparable store group of restaurants over a specified period of time. This measure highlights the performance of existing restaurants, as the impact of new restaurant openings is excluded. Comparable store sales for our 99 Restaurants brand changed 7.5%, 39.4%, and (32.8)% in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from the prior fiscal years. The increase in 2022 is primarily attributable to an increase in the average amount spent by customers each visit offset by a decrease in guest counts. The increase in 2021 is primarily attributable to increased guest counts resulting from the loosening of COVID-19 restrictions and an increase in the average amount spent by customers each visit. The decrease in 2020 is primarily attributable COVID-19 restrictions. Comparable store sales for our O'Charley's brand changed (5.8)%, 24.7% and (22.5)% in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, from the prior fiscal years. The decrease in 2022 is primarily attributable to decreased guest counts offset by an increase in the average amount spent by customers each visit. The increase in 2021 is primarily attributable to increased guest counts resulting from the abatement of COVID-19 restrictions and an increase in the average amount spent by customers each visit. The decrease in 2020 is primarily attributable to lower guest counts resulting from COVID-19.
Cost of restaurant revenue decreased $46.0 million, or 7.5%, in the year ended December 31, 2022 from 2021. Cost of restaurant revenue increased $93.1 million, or 17.8%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. Cost of restaurant
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revenue as a percentage of restaurant revenue was approximately 90.6%, 87.6%, and 93.7% in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in cost of restaurant revenue as a percentage of restaurant revenue in 2022 compared to 2021 is primarily attributable to increased costs of labor, food, and supplies. The decrease in cost of restaurant revenue as a percentage of restaurant revenue in 2021 compared to 2020 is primarily attributable to the impact of unavoidable costs on the substantial decrease in revenue in 2020.
Personnel costs decreased by $10.3 million, or 29.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2022 from 2021. The decrease is primarily attributable to our sale of the Village Inn, Baker's Square, and Legendary Baking concepts in the prior year.
Other operating expenses decreased by $3.9 million, or 9.7%, in the year ended December 31, 2022 from 2021. The decrease is primarily attributable to our sale of the Village Inn, Baker's Square, and Legendary Baking concepts in 2021. Other operating expenses decreased by $12.7 million, or 23.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease of $11.0 million related to lower impairments of assets and a decrease of $8.6 million in professional fees. The decreases were offset by increased expenses associated with consolidating VIBSQ's and Legendary Baking's results of operations for approximately 9 months in 2021 compared to approximately 3 months in 2020.
Loss before income taxes decreased $67.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. The change in losses is primarily attributable to the factors discussed above.
Dun & Bradstreet
As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 18.1% of the outstanding common stock of Dun & Bradstreet. We account for our ownership interest in D&B under the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results of operations do not consolidate into ours.
Summarized financial information for Dun & Bradstreet for the relevant dates and time periods included in Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented below.
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 2,224.6 | $ | 2,165.6 | $ | 1,738.7 | |||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (27.2) | (45.2) | (226.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | 4.1 | (65.9) | (111.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest and dividends to preferred equity | 6.4 | 5.8 | 69.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Dun & Bradstreet | (2.3) | (71.7) | (180.6) | ||||||||||||||
Details relating to the results of operations of Dun & Bradstreet (NYSE: "DNB") can be found in its periodic reports filed with the SEC.
Paysafe
As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 5.6% of the outstanding common stock of Paysafe. We account for our ownership of Paysafe under the equity method of accounting and report our equity in the earnings or loss of Paysafe on a three-month lag; therefore, its results do not consolidate into ours. Accordingly, our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes our equity in Paysafe’s losses for the period from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.
Summarized financial information for Paysafe for the relevant dates and time periods included in Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented below.
| For the year ended September 30, 2022 | For the period from March 31, 2021 to September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 1,484.2 | $ | 737.9 | |||||||
| Operating loss | (1,861.1) | (261.6) | |||||||||
| Net loss | (1,738.0) | (140.3) | |||||||||
| Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest | 0.6 | 0.3 | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Paysafe | (1,738.6) | (140.6) | |||||||||
33
Details relating to the results of operations of Paysafe (NYSE: "PSFE") can be found in its periodic reports filed with the SEC. Paysafe's net loss for the year ended September 30, 2022 was impacted by $1.9 billion of non-cash impairment charges to its goodwill and intangible assets.
Alight
As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 9.7% of the outstanding common stock of Alight. We account for our ownership of Alight under the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results of operations do not consolidate into ours.
Summarized financial information for Alight for the relevant dates and time periods included in Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented below.
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 | For the period from July 2, 2021 through December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 3,132.0 | $ | 1,554.0 | |||||||
| Operating (loss) income | (14.0) | 65.0 | |||||||||
| Net loss | (72.0) | (48.0) | |||||||||
| Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (10.0) | (13.0) | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Alight | (62.0) | (35.0) | |||||||||
Details relating to the results of operations of Alight (NYSE: "ALIT") can be found in its periodic reports filed with the SEC.
Corporate and Other
The Corporate and Other segment consists of our share in the operations of certain controlled businesses and other equity investments, activity of the corporate holding company and certain intercompany eliminations and taxes.
The following table presents the results from operations of our Corporate and Other segment:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating revenue | $ | 31.5 | $ | 37.5 | $ | 26.0 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Personnel costs | 35.3 | 45.6 | 63.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 116.5 | 111.2 | 63.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 154.1 | 159.4 | 130.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (122.6) | (121.9) | (104.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest, investment and other income | 2.5 | 21.1 | 17.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (8.1) | (1.0) | (0.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Recognized gains and losses, net | (189.0) | (312.9) | 2,354.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other (expense) income | (194.6) | (292.8) | 2,371.5 | ||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates | (317.2) | (414.7) | 2,267.4 | ||||||||||||||
Personnel costs decreased $10.3 million, or 22.6%, in the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021, and decreased $18.0 million, or 28.3%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020. The change in both periods is primarily driven by a change in investment success bonuses paid related to our sales of shares of Ceridian.
Other operating expenses increased $5.3 million, or 4.8%, in the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021 and increased $47.7 million, or 75.1%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020. The increase in 2022 from 2021 is primarily attributable to $40.1 million of management fee expenses and $49.3 million of carried interest mainly on the Optimal Blue Disposition, of which $31.8 million was paid in D&B stock. The increase in 2021 from 2020 was primarily attributable to $33.6 million in management fees and $44.5 million of carried interest incurred with our Manager.
34
Interest, investment and other income decreased $18.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to $15.1 million of income in the 2021 period related to the Company's funding of redemptions for Alight's SPAC merger.
Interest expense increased $7.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021. The increase was attributable to an increase in corporate debt outstanding. See Note K to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion of our outstanding debt.
Recognized (losses) gains, net in our Corporate and Other segment consists of the following:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Ceridian fair value adjustments | $ | (374.1) | $ | 45.5 | $ | 1,620.5 | |||||||||||
Ceridian gain on partial sales(1) | — | — | 223.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Paysafe impairment | (236.0) | (391.8) | — | ||||||||||||||
| System1 impairment | (101.7) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| QOMPLX impairment | (32.8) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Dun & Bradstreet gain on partial sales | 19.3 | 111.1 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Optimal Blue gain on sale | 313.0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
AmeriLife fair value adjustment (2) | 67.3 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| AmeriLife gain on partial sales | 176.4 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Paysafe and AAII warrants mark to market adjustment | (23.5) | (35.1) | — | ||||||||||||||
| CoreLogic, Inc. mark to market adjustment | — | — | 63.7 | ||||||||||||||
| D&B initial public offering gain | — | — | 117.0 | ||||||||||||||
| SPAC agreements mark to market adjustments | — | — | 306.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 3.1 | (42.6) | 24.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Recognized (losses) gains, net | $ | (189.0) | $ | (312.9) | $ | 2,354.7 | |||||||||||
_____________________________________
(1) Represents the gain on sale of Ceridian shares in the three months ended March 31, 2020 prior to the change in accounting for the investment at fair value beginning March 31, 2020
(2) Represents the gain recorded upon the revaluation of our investment to fair value on November 15, 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Requirements. Our current cash requirements include personnel costs, operating expenses, taxes, capital expenditures and business acquisitions. There are no restrictions on our retained earnings regarding our ability to pay dividends to stockholders, although there are limits on the ability of certain subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, as a result of provisions in certain debt agreements. The declaration of any future dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Additional uses of cash flow are expected to include stock repurchases, acquisitions, and debt repayments.
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $247.7 million, of which $231.8 million was cash held by the corporate holding company, and $250.0 million of available borrowing capacity under our existing holding company credit facilities with the ability to add an additional $250.0 million of borrowing capacity by amending our 2020 Margin Facility.
We continually assess our capital allocation strategy, including decisions relating to reducing debt, repurchasing our stock, and/or conserving cash. We believe that all anticipated cash requirements for current operations will be met from internally generated funds, cash dividends from subsidiaries, cash generated by investment securities, potential sales of non-strategic assets, and borrowings on existing credit facilities. Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are monitored regularly to ensure that we can meet our cash requirements. We forecast the Company's liquidity needs and periodically review the short-term and long-term projected sources and uses of funds, as well as the asset, liability, investment and cash flow assumptions underlying such forecasts. As part of such forecasting, we actively manage the impact of rising interest rates on both our idle cash and our outstanding debt.
The Company believes the holding company's balances of cash, cash equivalents and unrestricted marketable securities, which totaled $266.7 million as of December 31, 2022 (excluding marketable securities we account for as unconsolidated affiliates and securities pledged under our 2020 Margin Facility), along with cash generated by ongoing operations and continued access to debt markets, will be sufficient to satisfy its cash requirements over the next 12 months and beyond.
35
We are focused on evaluating our assets and investments as potential vehicles for creating liquidity. Our intent is to use that liquidity for general corporate purposes, including, funding future investments, other strategic initiatives and/or conserving cash.
Operating Cash Flows. Our cash flows used in operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were $205.1 million, $176.1 million and $113.9 million, respectively. The increase in cash used in operations of $29.0 million from 2022 compared to 2021 is primarily attributable to increased operating loss and timing of payment and receipt of accounts payable and receivable. The decrease in cash provided by operations of $62.2 million from 2021 compared to 2020 is primarily attributable to increased management fees and carried interest paid to our Manager. The remainder of the variance is attributable to the timing of payment and receipt of accounts payable and receivable.
Investing Cash Flows. Our cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were $521.2 million, $(272.4) million and $(74.2) million, respectively. The change in cash provided by (used in) investing activities of $793.6 million from 2022 compared to 2021 is primarily attributable to proceeds from sales of investments partially offset by a decrease in new investment purchases. The increase in cash used in investing activities of $198.2 million from 2021 compared to 2020 is primarily attributable to increased investments in new businesses including Paysafe, Alight and Sightline, and decreased proceeds from sales of Ceridian stock, partially offset by increased distributions from unconsolidated affiliates and a partial sale of D&B shares. See our consolidated statement of cash flows included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for a detailed breakout of cash flows from purchases and sales of investments.
Capital Expenditures. Total capital expenditures for property and equipment and other intangible assets were $14.3 million, $13.7 million and $22.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Capital expenditures in all years primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment in our Restaurant Group segment and property improvements at our real estate operations. Expenditures in 2020 also include the Company's purchase of our corporate headquarters for $9.3 million.
Financing Cash Flows. Our cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were $(154.2) million, $(190.4) million and $379.1 million, respectively. The decrease in cash used in financing activities of $36.2 million from 2022 compared to 2021 is primarily attributable to a reduction in borrowings partially offset by increased purchases of treasury stock in 2022. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities of $569.5 million from 2021 compared to 2020 is primarily attributable to proceeds from our equity offering in 2020 and increased purchases of treasury stock in 2021.
Financing Arrangements. For a description of our historical financing arrangements see Note K to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Contractual Obligations. Our long-term contractual obligations generally include our credit agreements and debt facilities, lease payments and financing obligations on certain of our premises and equipment, purchase obligations of the Restaurant Group and payments to our Manager.
See Note G to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion of our leasing arrangements.
Pursuant to the terms of the Management Services Agreement between Cannae LLC and our Manager, Cannae LLC is obligated to pay our Manager a quarterly management fee equal to 0.375% (1.5% annualized) of the Company’s cost of invested capital (as defined in the Management Services Agreement) as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, payable in arrears in cash, as may be adjusted pursuant to the terms of the Management Services Agreement. Management fees payable to our Manager are included for the initial 5-year term of the Management Services Agreement that began in September 2019 and are based on our cost of invested capital of $2,461.6 million as of December 31, 2022.
Purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable, are legally binding and specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. The Restaurant Group has unconditional purchase obligations with various vendors, primarily related to food and beverage obligations with fixed commitments in regard to the time period of the contract and the quantities purchased with annual price adjustments that can fluctuate. Future purchase obligations are estimated by assuming historical purchase activity over the remaining, non-cancellable terms of the various agreements. For agreements with minimum purchase obligations, at least the minimum amounts we are legally required to purchase are included. These agreements do not include fixed delivery terms. We used both historical and projected volume and pricing as of December 31, 2022 to determine the amount of the obligations.
Restaurant Group financing obligations include its agreements to lease its corporate office and certain O'Charley's restaurant locations that are accounted for as failed sale and leaseback transactions.
36
As of December 31, 2022, our required annual payments relating to these contractual obligations were as follows:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unconditional purchase obligations | $ | 82.9 | $ | 6.3 | $ | 5.7 | $ | 4.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 99.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease payments | 34.2 | 27.2 | 24.3 | 22.4 | 20.6 | 113.4 | 242.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes payable | 2.5 | 0.9 | 85.6 | 8.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 98.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management fees payable to Manager | 36.9 | 30.8 | — | — | — | — | 67.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant Group financing obligations | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 17.3 | 35.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 160.5 | $ | 68.8 | $ | 119.1 | $ | 39.4 | $ | 24.4 | $ | 131.0 | $ | 543.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital Stock Transactions. For information on our 2021 Repurchase Program and 2022 Repurchase Program, see discussion under the header Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer included in Item 5 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
Equity Price Risk
We are exposed to market price fluctuations associated with the Company's equity securities holdings. Equity price risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in equity prices. At December 31, 2022, we held $384.9 million in equity securities which are recorded at fair value. The carrying values of equity securities subject to equity price risks are directly derived from quoted market prices. See Note C to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our fair value measurements for equity securities. Market prices are subject to fluctuation and, consequently, the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market price of a security may result from perceived changes in the underlying economic characteristics of the investee, the relative price of alternative investments and general market conditions. Furthermore, amounts realized in the sale of a particular security may be affected by the relative quantity of the security being sold.
For purposes of this Annual Report, we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the book effects that market risk exposures may have on the fair values of our equity securities. At December 31, 2022, a 20% increase (decrease) in market prices, with all other variables held constant, would result in an increase (decrease) in the fair value of our equity securities portfolio of $77.0 million.
See discussion of our accounting for investments in unconsolidated affiliates under the header Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Item 7 of this Annual Report for further discussion of the potential impact of the Company's monitoring of impairment of its investments in unconsolidated affiliates.
Commodity Price Risk
In our Restaurant Group segment, we are exposed to market price fluctuations in beef, seafood, produce and other food product prices. Given the historical volatility of beef, seafood, produce and other food product prices, these fluctuations can materially impact the food and beverage costs incurred in our Restaurant Group segment. While our Restaurant Group companies have taken steps to qualify multiple suppliers who meet our standards as suppliers for our restaurants and have entered into agreements with suppliers for some of the commodities used in our restaurant operations, there can be no assurance that future supplies and costs for such commodities will not fluctuate due to weather and other market conditions outside of our control. Consequently, such commodities can be subject to unforeseen supply and cost fluctuations. Dairy costs can also fluctuate due to government regulation. Because we typically set our menu prices in advance of our food product prices, our menu prices cannot immediately incorporate changing costs of food items. To the extent that we are unable to pass the increased costs on to our guests through price increases, our results of operations would be adversely affected. We do not use financial instruments to hedge our risk to market price fluctuations in beef, seafood, produce and other food product prices at this time.
37
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL INFORMATION
| Page Number | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting ( | |||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements ( | |||||
38
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Cannae Holdings, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated March 1, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 1, 2023
39
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Cannae Holdings, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive earnings, equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of the other auditors, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We did not audit the consolidated financial statements of Dun and Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. ("Dun & Bradstreet") or Alight, Inc. ("Alight"), the Company's investments in which are accounted for by use of the equity method. The accompanying financial statements of the Company include its equity investment in Dun & Bradstreet of $857.1 million and $595.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and its equity in losses of Dun & Bradstreet of $8.8 million, $13.5 million, and $46.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The accompanying financial statements of the Company include its equity investment in Alight of $532.2 million and $505.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and its equity in (losses) earnings of Alight of $(1.6) million and $38.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Those statements were audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Dun & Bradstreet and Alight, is based solely on the reports of the other auditors.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits and the reports of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
40
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates in Paysafe and System1 — Other-than-temporary impairment — Refer to Note B to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
As of December 31, 2022, the Company owns approximately 5.6% and 24.0% of the common equity of Paysafe Limited ("Paysafe") and System1, Inc. ("System1"), respectively. The Company acquired its initial ownership interest in Paysafe and System1 on March 30, 2021 and January 27, 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated affiliates recorded using the equity method of accounting in Paysafe and System1, was $33.7 million and $127.4 million, respectively.
On an ongoing basis, management monitors the Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates to determine whether there are indications that the fair value of an investment may be other-than-temporarily below the recorded book value of the investment. Due to significant impairments recorded by the investees to their intangible assets, the quantum of the decrease in the fair market value of the Company’s ownership interest, negative trends in their respective industries, as well as decreasing market multiples of peer companies, management determined the decreases in value of its investments in Paysafe and System1 were other-than-temporary. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment of $236.0 million and $101.7 million on its investments in Paysafe and System1, respectively, which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
We identified the determination of whether the impairment of the Company’s investments in Paysafe and System1 was other-than-temporary as a critical audit matter. The determination of whether an investment in an unconsolidated affiliate is other-than-temporarily impaired pursuant to ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures, involved challenging, subjective, and complex judgments. Therefore, auditing these significant judgments involved a higher degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to Company’s determination of whether the Company’s investments in Paysafe and System1 were other-than-temporarily impaired included the following:
•We tested the effectiveness of the controls over the Company’s determination that its investments in Paysafe and System1 were other-than-temporarily impaired.
•We reviewed the financial performance of Paysafe and System1, press releases and other public information relating to Paysafe and System1 for potential indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value.
•We evaluated the judgments documented by management to determine that the Company’s investments in Paysafe and System1 were other-than-temporarily impaired and the events and changes in circumstances was indicative of an other-than-temporary impairment in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 1, 2023
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
41
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Alight, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Alight, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the period from July 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (Successor), the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), members’ equity and cash flows for the period from January 1, 2021 through June 30, 2021 (Predecessor) and the year ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, the period from July 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (Successor), the period from January 1, 2021 through June 30, 2021 (Predecessor) and the year ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Goodwill Impairment Assessment
| Description of the Matter | At December 31, 2022, the Company’s goodwill for their Health Solutions, Wealth Solutions, and Cloud Services reporting units was $3,075 million, $127 million, and $404 million, respectively, as disclosed in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually or when impairment indicators are present. The Company determined the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. Auditing management’s goodwill impairment assessment was complex and highly judgmental due to the significant estimation required in determining the fair value of the Company’s Health Solutions, Wealth Solutions, and Cloud Services reporting units. The more subjective assumptions used in the analysis were projections of future revenue growth and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and intangible amortization margin, the long term growth rate, and the discount rate, which are all affected by expectations about future market or economic conditions. | ||||
42
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s goodwill impairment review process, including controls over management's review of the significant assumptions discussed above. We also tested management's controls over the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the valuation. To test the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing methodologies and testing the significant assumptions discussed above and the underlying data used by the Company in its analysis. We involved our valuation specialists to review the Company’s model, methods, and the more sensitive assumptions utilized such as the discount rate. We compared the significant assumptions used by management to current industry, market and economic trends. In addition, we assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates, performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the reporting units that would result from changes in the assumptions, and reviewed the reconciliation of the fair value of the reporting units to the market capitalization of the Company. We also tested the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used by management in its analysis. | ||||
Measurement of the Tax Receivable Agreement Liability
| Description of the Matter | As discussed in Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) with certain current and historical holders of LLC interests, which is a contractual commitment to distribute 85% of any tax benefits (“TRA Payment”), realized or deemed to be realized by the Company to the parties to the TRA. The TRA payments are contingent upon, among other things, the generation of future taxable income over the term of the TRA and future changes in tax laws. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s liability due to the holders of LLC interests under the TRA (“TRA liability”), was $575 million. Auditing management’s accounting for the TRA liability is especially challenging and judgmental due to the complex model used to calculate the TRA liability. The liability recorded is based on several inputs, including the discount rate applied to the TRA payments. Significant changes in the discount rate could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations. | ||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s TRA liability, including testing management's controls over the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the valuation and the controls over management's review of the significant assumptions discussed above. Our audit procedures included among others, testing the measurement of the TRA liability by evaluating whether the calculation of the TRA liability was in accordance with the terms set out in the TRA and recalculating the TRA liability. With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rate by validating the third-party inputs and testing the valuation methodology employed. | ||||
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016.
Chicago, Illinois
March 1, 2023
43
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term investments | |||||||||||
| Other current assets | |||||||||||
| Income taxes receivable | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | |||||||||||
| Equity securities, at fair value | |||||||||||
| Lease assets | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Other intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Other long-term investments and noncurrent assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, current | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities, current | |||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Notes payable, current | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities, long-term | |||||||||||
| Notes payable, long-term | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, long-term | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies - see Note M | |||||||||||
| Equity: | |||||||||||
Cannae common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, $ | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
Less: Treasury stock, | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total Cannae shareholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | ( | ||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
44
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating revenues | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of restaurant revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Personnel costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses, including asset impairments | |||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest, investment and other income | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Recognized (losses) gains, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Total other (expense) income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Net (loss) earnings attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings attributable to Cannae Holdings, Inc. common shareholders | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
| Earnings per share | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings per share - basic | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings per share - diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding Cannae Holdings common stock, basic basis | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding Cannae Holdings common stock, diluted basis | |||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
45
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) earnings, net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) (1) | |||||||||||||||||
Unrealized (loss) gain relating to investments in unconsolidated affiliates (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
Reclassification of unrealized losses on investments in unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax, included in net earnings (3) | |||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of unrealized gains on investments and other financial instruments, net of tax, included in net earnings (4) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive (loss) earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive (loss) earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive (loss) earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive (loss) earnings attributable to Cannae | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
_____________________________________
(1)Net of income tax expense of $0.1 million and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2)Net of income tax (benefit) expense of $(3.9 ) million, $1.5 million and $(4.2 ) million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(3)Net of income tax expense of $1.0 million, $0.6 million and $12.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(4)Net of income tax benefit of $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
46
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comp (Loss) Earnings | Treasury Stock | Non-controlling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | $ | Shares | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2019 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity offering, net of offering costs | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant Group Reorganization | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized gain on investments and other financial instruments, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized losses of investments in unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments for unrealized gains and losses on unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax, included in net earnings | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiary | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock repurchases | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, consolidated subsidiaries | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contribution of CSA services from FNF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, unconsolidated affiliates | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld for taxes and in treasury | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized gain on investments and other financial instruments, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized losses of investments in unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments for unrealized gains and losses on unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax, included in net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments for unrealized gains and losses on investments and other financial instruments, net of tax, (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) included in net earnings | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld for taxes and in treasury | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock repurchases | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, consolidated subsidiaries | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, unconsolidated affiliates | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized losses of investments in unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments for unrealized gains and losses on unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax, included in net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock repurchases | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, consolidated subsidiaries | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation, unconsolidated affiliates | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) earnings to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity in losses (earnings) of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Distributions from investments in unconsolidated affiliates | |||||||||||||||||
| Recognized losses (gains) and impairments of assets, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash carried interest expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Lease asset amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net decrease (increase) in other assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue and other | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net decrease in lease liabilities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of Ceridian shares | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of AmeriLife | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from Optimal Blue Disposition, cash portion | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of D&B shares | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of CorroHealth | |||||||||||||||||
| Distributions from investments in unconsolidated affiliates | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from other sales of investments in unconsolidated affiliates, equity securities and other long- term investments | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of VIBSQ, Legendary Baking and RCI | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Collections of notes receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash acquired upon acquisition of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (purchases of) proceeds from sales and maturities of, short term investments | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment in System1 | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment in Paysafe, net of subscription fees earned | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment in Alight, net of subscription fees earned | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment in Sightline | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments in unconsolidated affiliates and other investments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to notes receivable | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Additions to property and equipment and other intangible assets | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Investments in Dun & Bradstreet, net of capitalized syndication fees | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Investment in Optimal Blue | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash deconsolidated at the inception of the Blue Ribbon Reorganization | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net other investing activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings, net of debt issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt service payments | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Equity offering proceeds, net of offering costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Sale of noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiary | |||||||||||||||||
| Subsidiary distributions paid to noncontrolling interest shareholders | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Payment for shares withheld for taxes and in treasury | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Purchases of treasury stock | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
48
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note A. Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following describes the significant accounting policies of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "we," "us," "our," "Cannae," or the "Company”), which have been followed in preparing the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
Description of Business
We primarily acquire interests in operating companies and are engaged in actively managing and operating a core group of those companies, which we are committed to supporting for the long term. From time to time, we also seek to take meaningful equity ownership stakes where we have the ability to control or significantly influence quality companies, and we bring the strength of our operational expertise to each of our subsidiaries. We are a long-term owner that secures control and governance rights of other companies primarily to engage in their lines of business and we have no preset time constraints dictating when we sell or dispose of our businesses. We believe that our long-term ownership and active involvement in the management and operations of companies helps maximize the value of those businesses for our shareholders. Our primary assets as of December 31, 2022 include our ownership interests in Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. ("Dun & Bradstreet" or "D&B"); Ceridian HCM Holding, Inc. ("Ceridian"); Alight, Inc. ("Alight"); Paysafe Limited ("Paysafe"); Sightline Payments Holdings, LLC ("Sightline"); System1, Inc. ("System1"); Black Knight Football and Entertainment, LP ("BKFE"); Computer Services, Inc. ("CSI"); AmeriLife Group, LLC ("AmeriLife"); O'Charley's Holdings, LLC ("O'Charley's"); 99 Restaurants Holdings, LLC ("99 Restaurants"); and various other controlled portfolio companies and minority equity ownership interests.
See Note E Segment Information for further discussion of the businesses comprising our reportable segments.
We conduct our business through our wholly-owned subsidiary Cannae Holdings, LLC ("Cannae LLC"), a Delaware limited liability company. Our board of directors ("Board") oversees the management of the Company, Cannae LLC and its businesses, and the performance of our external manager, Trasimene Capital Management, LLC ("Trasimene" or our "Manager").
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
Management Estimates
The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include fair value measurements (Note C), the carrying amount and depreciation of property and equipment (Note H), the valuation of acquired intangible assets (Note I), and accounting for income taxes (Note L). Actual results could differ from estimates.
Recent Developments
Ceridian
In January 2022, we completed the sale of 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Rule 144"). In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $173.3 million.
In May 2022 and June 2022, we completed the aggregate sales of an additional 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian on the open market. In connection with such sales, we received proceeds of $112.4 million.
49
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
As of December 31, 2022, we owned 6.0 million shares of Ceridian common stock which represented approximately 3.9 % of the outstanding common stock of Ceridian.
See Notes B and C for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in Ceridian and other equity securities.
Subsequent to December 31, 2022 through the date of this Annual Report, we sold 1.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian for proceeds of $78.0 million.
System1
On January 10, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the backstop facility agreement (the "System1 Backstop Agreement") pursuant to which our commitment to fund redemptions of shareholders of Trebia Acquisition Corp. ("Trebia") in conjunction with its merger with System1 (the "Trebia System1 Business Combination") increased from $200.0 million to $250.0 million. Also on January 10, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated sponsor agreement with the sponsors of Trebia pursuant to which the sponsors will forfeit up to an additional Trebia 1,352,941 Class B ordinary shares to Trebia, and Trebia will issue to Cannae an equal number of shares of Trebia Class A common stock in connection with, and based upon the extent of, Cannae’s obligation with respect to the increase in our backstop commitment. Trebia was co-sponsored by entities affiliated with the chairman and a member of our Board, William P. Foley II and Frank R. Martire, respectively.
On January 27, 2022, the Trebia System1 Business Combination was completed and System1 merged with and into Trebia, with System1 as the surviving corporation. Beginning on January 28, 2022, System1’s common stock began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "SST." At the completion of the Trebia System1 Business Combination, Cannae had invested a total of $248.3 million in System1, directly and indirectly owned 28.2 million of System1 common shares and indirectly owned 1.2 million warrants to purchase System1 common shares (the "System1 Warrants").
On March 17, 2022, the trading price of System1 Class A common stock exceeded certain thresholds resulting in the conversion of System1's outstanding Class D common stock to Class A common stock. As a result, the 833,750 shares of System1 Class D common stock held by the sponsor of Trebia, Trasimene Trebia LP ("Trebia Sponsor"), in which we owned a 26.1 % limited partnership interest converted to shares of System1 Class A common stock. Cannae's ratable portion of such shares is 217,500 shares.
On April 18, 2022, Trebia Sponsor exercised its System1 warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for System 1 Class A common stock. As a result, Cannae no longer has an indirect interest in any System1 warrants and has an indirect interest in an additional 0.5 million shares of System1 common stock held by Trebia Sponsor. We now have an indirect interest in a total of 1.7 million shares of System 1 common stock held by Trebia Sponsor.
In the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold an aggregate of 1.8 million shares of System1 common stock for aggregate proceeds of $23.2 million.
As of December 31, 2022, we directly and indirectly owned 27.1 million shares of System1 common stock representing an approximate 24.0 % ownership interest. We account for our direct ownership of the common equity of System1 under the equity method of accounting.
See Note B for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership of the common equity of System1.
Optimal Blue
On February 15, 2022, we completed the disposition (the "Optimal Blue Disposition") of our ownership interests in Optimal Blue Holdco, LLC ("Optimal Blue") to Black Knight, Inc. ("Black Knight") pursuant to a purchase agreement dated as of February 15, 2022, by and among Black Knight, Cannae, and Optimal Blue, among others. In conjunction with the Optimal Blue Disposition, we received aggregate consideration of (y) $144.5 million in cash and (z) 21.8 million shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of D&B. Following the consummation of the Optimal Blue Disposition, Cannae no longer has any ownership interest in Optimal Blue. We recorded a gain of $313.0 million on the sale which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Dun & Bradstreet
On February 15, 2022, we received 21.8 million shares of D&B as partial consideration for the Optimal Blue Disposition. As part of our carried interest paid related to the Optimal Blue Disposition, we transferred to our Manager 1.6 million of the D&B shares we received . See Note B for further discussion of our accounting for our increased ownership interest in D&B.
In July 2022, we completed the sale of 9.2 million shares of common stock of D&B to a broker pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $127.2 million and recorded a gain of $23.2 million.
50
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
In the year ended December 31, 2022, the board of directors of D&B declared and paid quarterly cash dividends aggregating to $0.10 per share of DNB common stock. As a result, we received $8.0 million of cash dividends from D&B in the year ended December 31, 2022, which are recorded as a reduction to the basis of our recorded asset for D&B.
As of December 31, 2022, we owned 79.0 million shares of D&B, which represented approximately 18.1 % of its outstanding common stock.
See Note B for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in D&B.
Alight
In March 2022, the sponsor of Foley Trasimene Acquisition Corp. ("FTAC") distributed all of its interest in Alight to its limited partners, including Cannae. As a result, Cannae now directly holds all of its interest in common equity of Alight.
As of December 31, 2022, we owned 52.5 million shares of Alight which represented approximately 9.7 % of its outstanding common equity.
See Note B for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in Alight.
AmeriLife
In June 2022, AmeriLife announced an investment from a leading private equity firm. In conjunction with the new investment, we entered into a redemption agreement pursuant to which we divested 46.0 % of our ownership interest in AmeriLife (the "June AmeriLife Sale"). On August 31, 2022, we closed the June AmeriLife Sale and received gross cash proceeds of $152.5 million (of which $4.6 million was subsequently distributed to noncontrolling interest holders). As a result of the June AmeriLife Sale, we recorded a gain of $102.5 million which is included in Recognized gains and losses, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
On September 14, 2022, we entered into a contribution, redemption and equity purchase agreement pursuant to which we agreed to sell a portion of the ownership interest in AmeriLife that we retained subsequent to the June AmeriLife Sale (the "September AmeriLife Sale" and together with the June AmeriLife Sale the "AmeriLife Sales"). On November 15, 2022, we closed on the September AmeriLife Sale and received gross cash proceeds of approximately $97.5 million (of which $2.9 million was subsequently distributed to noncontrolling interest holders). As a result of the September AmeriLife Sale, we recorded a gain of $73.9 million which is included in Recognized gains and losses, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
As a result of the AmeriLife Sales, we no longer have any rights to designate any seats on the board of managers of AmeriLife, and as a result, we are no longer able to exert influence over the composition and quantity of AmeriLife's board. In combination with the reduction of ownership of AmeriLife to 4.6 % as a result of the sales of our ownership interest in AmeriLife, we no longer exercise significant influence over AmeriLife. As of November 15, 2022, we account for our investment in AmeriLife as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value pursuant to the investment in equity security guidance of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 321. The change in accounting resulted in the revaluation of our investment in AmeriLife to the fair value implied by the AmeriLife Sales of $88.5 million and recording a gain on such revaluation of $67.2 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
See Notes B and C for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in AmeriLife and other equity securities.
CorroHealth
On September 30, 2022, we sold all of our equity interest in Coding Solutions Topco, Inc. ("CorroHealth") for cash proceeds of $78.7 million (the "CorroHealth Sale"). As a result of the CorroHealth Sale, we recorded a gain of $5.9 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Subsequent to the transaction, we have no further equity interest or involvement in CorroHealth.
Paysafe
From September 2022 through November 2022, we disposed of an aggregate of 19.2 million shares, 5.0 million warrants and 3.1 million LLC units of Paysafe for an aggregate of $27.1 million.
On December 12, 2022, Paysafe effected a 1-for-12 reverse stock split and its common shares began trading on a split-adjusted basis on December 13, 2022.
51
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
As of December 31, 2022, we owned 3.4 million shares of Paysafe which represented approximately 5.6 % of the outstanding common equity of Paysafe.
See Notes B and C for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in Paysafe and other equity securities.
Computer Services, Inc.
On August 19, 2022, we entered into a subscription agreement with BGPT Catalyst, L.P. (the "CSI LP") pursuant to which we committed to acquire a 32 % limited partnership ownership interest in CSI LP for cash consideration of approximately $86.1 million (the "CSI Subscription"). CSI LP is managed by entities affiliated with Frank Martire, a member of our Board, and is part of a consortium of investors who acquired Computer Services, Inc. ("CSI").
On November 8, 2022, we funded the CSI Subscription and on November 16, 2022, the consortium of investors completed the acquisition of CSI. We have a 9.1 % indirect, economic interest in CSI as a result of the transaction.
Black Knight Football and Entertainment
On October 8, 2022, we entered into a limited partnership agreement with Black Knight Football and Entertainment, LP ("BKFE") and committed to purchase a 50.1 % limited partnership ownership interest in BKFE for $132.8 million (the "BKFE Commitment"). Also on October 8, 2022, BKFE entered into a stock purchase agreement to acquire 100 % of the equity interests of Athletic Football Club Bournemouth ("AFCB"), a football club which competes in the English Premier League. The chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II, is the general partner of BKFE and owns a 25 % economic interest in BKFE.
On November 16, 2022, we funded $52.2 million of the BKFE Commitment. On December 13, 2022, BKFE completed its acquisition of AFCB.
In the first quarter of 2023, we funded $40.3 million of the BKFE Commitment. We expect to fund the remaining BKFE Commitment before the end of the third quarter of 2023.
On January 13, 2023, BKFE entered into a strategic partnership and agreed to acquire a significant minority interest in FC Lorient, a football club that competes in France's Ligue 1. On February 1, 2023, BKFE completed the acquisition of a minority interest in FC Lorient.
Other Developments
Effective February 26, 2021, our Board authorized a three-year stock repurchase program (the "2021 Repurchase Program") under which we were permitted to repurchase up to 10.0 million shares of our common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 9,483,416 shares of CNNE common stock for approximately $198.5 million in the aggregate, or an average of $20.93 per share, pursuant to the 2021 Repurchase Program, of which 5,775,598 shares were repurchased from Fidelity National Financial ("FNF") for an aggregate amount of $108.7 million.
On August 3, 2022, our Board authorized a new three-year stock repurchase program, (the "2022 Repurchase Program"), under which we may repurchase up to an additional 10.0 million shares of our common stock. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices or in privately negotiated transactions through August 3, 2025. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or terminated at any time. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 1,267,182 shares of CNNE common stock for approximately $26.8 million in the aggregate, or an average of $21.16 per share, pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Highly liquid instruments, including money market instruments and certificates of deposit, purchased as part of cash management with original maturities of three months or less, and certain amounts in transit from credit and debit card processors, are considered cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these instruments approximate their fair value.
Investments
Short term investments consist of highly liquid instruments, primarily certificates of deposit and corporate debt securities with high credit quality, purchased as part of cash management that have an original maturity of between three months and four months and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Equity securities includes our investment in Ceridian and is carried at fair value. Recognized gains and losses on equity securities are determined on the basis of the fair value of the securities at the balance sheet date or on a trade date basis.
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are recorded using the equity method of accounting. Recognized gains and losses on the sale of investments accounted for under the equity method are determined on the basis of the book value of the specific
52
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
investments sold and are credited or charged to income on a trade date basis.
See Notes B and C for further discussion of our accounting for equity securities and investments in unconsolidated affiliates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of financial instruments presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements are estimates of the fair value at a specific point in time using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Estimates that use unobservable inputs are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and significant judgment in the interpretation of current market data. We do not necessarily intend to dispose of or liquidate such instruments prior to maturity. See Note C for further details.
Distributions from Unconsolidated Affiliates
We classify distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows using the cumulative earnings approach. Under the cumulative earnings approach, distributions are considered returns on investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities unless the Company’s cumulative distributions from an investee received in prior periods exceed the cumulative equity in earnings of such investee. When cumulative distributions from an investee exceed cumulative equity in earnings of the investee, such excess is considered a return of investment and is classified as a cash inflow from investing activities.
Other Long-Term Investments and Non-Current Assets
Other long-term investments consist mainly of investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. See Note B for further discussion of our accounting for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value.
Other non-current assets also include other miscellaneous non-current assets.
Leases
Refer to Note G.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of identifiable net assets acquired and assumed in business combinations. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if circumstances indicate potential impairment, through a comparison of fair value to the carrying amount. We have the option to first assess goodwill for impairment based on a review of qualitative factors to determine if events and circumstances exist that will lead to a determination that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, prior to performing a full fair-value assessment. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the quantitative impairment test is unnecessary. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the quantitative impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit. Goodwill impairment, if any, is measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did no 7.8 million of impairment to goodwill in our Restaurant Group segment. The impairment charge is a result of deteriorating operating results and cash flow resulting from declining same store sales and increased costs at O'Charley's. The impairment recorded was calculated as the deficit between the carrying value of our O'Charley's reporting
53
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
We recorded $11.8 million of impairment expense related to the O'Charley's tradename within our Restaurant Group in the year ended December 31, 2020. The impairment is recorded within Other operating expenses, including asset impairments, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets: to forty years for buildings and to twenty-five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the term of the applicable lease or the estimated useful lives of such assets. The majority of our Property and equipment relate to our Restaurant Group.
In our Restaurant Group, all direct external costs associated with obtaining the land, building and equipment for each new restaurant, as well as construction period interest, are capitalized. Direct external costs associated with obtaining the dining room and kitchen equipment, signage and other assets and equipment are also capitalized. In addition, for each new restaurant and re-branded restaurant, a portion of the internal direct costs of its real estate and construction department are also capitalized.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The impact of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred taxes, if any, is applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and reflected in the financial statements in the period enacted.
We recognize the benefits of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements only after determining a more likely than not probability that the uncertain tax positions will withstand challenge, if any, from taxing authorities. When facts and circumstances change, we reassess these probabilities and record any changes in the financial statements as appropriate. Uncertain tax positions are accounted for by determining the minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. This determination requires the use of judgment in assessing the timing and amounts of deductible and taxable items. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold are
54
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Revenue Recognition
Refer to Note F.
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising and marketing costs as incurred, except for certain advertising production costs that are initially capitalized and subsequently expensed the first time the advertising takes place. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company incurred $17.0 million, $16.0 million, and $15.7 million of advertising and marketing costs, respectively, related to advertising in our Restaurant Group and in our real estate operations. These costs are included in Other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Comprehensive Earnings
We report comprehensive earnings in accordance with GAAP on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings. Total comprehensive earnings are defined as all changes in shareholders' equity during a period, other than those resulting from investments by and distributions to shareholders. While total comprehensive earnings is the activity in a period and is largely driven by net earnings in that period, accumulated other comprehensive earnings or loss represents the cumulative balance of other comprehensive earnings, net of tax, as of the balance sheet date. Amounts reclassified to net earnings relate to realized losses and are included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Our policy is to release income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income at such time as the earnings or loss of the related activity are recognized in earnings (e.g., upon sale of an investment).
| Unrealized (loss) gain on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) | Unrealized (loss) gain relating to investments in unconsolidated affiliates | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Earnings | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive earnings | |||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustments | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | ||||||||||||
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share, as presented on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, is computed by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
In periods when earnings are positive, diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the impact of assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities. For periods when we recognize a net loss, diluted earnings per share is equal to basic earnings per share as the impact of assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities is considered to be antidilutive. We have granted certain shares of restricted stock, which have been treated as common share equivalents for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share for periods in which positive earnings have been reported.
55
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We have completed our evaluation of the recently issued accounting pronouncements and we did not identify any that are applicable to the Company for adoption or expected to, if currently adopted, have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Note B. Investments
Equity Securities
(Losses) gains on equity securities included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (in millions):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Net (losses) gains recognized during the period on equity securities | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
| Less: net (losses) gains recognized during the period on equity securities sold or transferred during the period | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates recorded using the equity method of accounting as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following (in millions):
Ownership at December 31, 2022 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Dun & Bradstreet | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Alight | |||||||||||||||||
| Sightline | |||||||||||||||||
| System1 | |||||||||||||||||
AmeriLife (1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Paysafe | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | various | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||
_____________________________________
(1) The investment in AmeriLife was no longer accounted for under the equity method of accounting beginning on November 15, 2022.
56
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 consisted of the following (in millions):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
Dun & Bradstreet (1) | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Alight | ( | ||||||||||||||||
Sightline (2) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| System1 | ( | ||||||||||||||||
AmeriLife (3) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Paysafe | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
_____________________________________
(1) Equity in losses for Dun & Bradstreet includes $7.2 million of loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 related to amortization of Cannae's basis difference between the book value of its ownership interest and ratable portion of the underlying equity in net assets of Dun & Bradstreet.
(2) Equity in losses for Sightline includes $7.7 million of loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 related to amortization of Cannae's basis difference between the book value of its ownership interest and ratable portion of the underlying equity in net assets of Sightline.
(3) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2022 represents the Company's equity in losses of AmeriLife prior to the change in accounting for the investment beginning November 15, 2022.
Dun & Bradstreet
Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of our ownership of Dun & Bradstreet common stock was $969.1 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Dun & Bradstreet but account for our ownership interest under the equity method of accounting because we exert significant influence: (a) through our 18.1 % ownership, (2) because certain of our senior management and directors serve on D&B's board of directors, and (3) because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity sponsors pursuant to which we have agreed to collectively vote together on all matters related to the election of directors to the Dun & Bradstreet board of directors for a period of three years .
As of December 31, 2022, there was a $222.4 million difference between the amount of our recorded ownership interest in D&B and the amount of the Company's ratable portion of the underlying equity in the net assets of D&B. The basis difference is primarily a result of our increased ownership resulting from the Optimal Blue Disposition. As of December 31, 2022, $138.3 million of such basis difference is allocated to amortizing intangible assets, $59.7 million to indefinite-lived intangible assets, $29.0 million to deferred tax liabilities and the remaining basis difference is allocated to equity method goodwill, which represents the excess of our basis difference over our equity in D&B's net assets that are not attributable to their identifiable net assets. Amortization expense of $7.2 million is included in our equity in losses of D&B for the year ended December 31, 2022.
57
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net earnings (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest and dividends to preferred equity | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Dun & Bradstreet | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
System1
Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of our ownership of System1 common stock was approximately $127.4 million as of December 31, 2022.
We acquired our ownership interest in System1 on January 27, 2022. We account for our ownership of System1 pursuant to the equity method of accounting and report our equity in earnings or loss of System1 on a three-month lag. Accordingly, our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes our equity in the losses of System1 for the period from January 27, 2022 through September 30, 2022.
Due to the quantum of the decrease in the fair market value of our ownership interest subsequent to our acquisition and the uncertainty of the impact of the economic environment on System1's business, management determined the decrease in value of our investment in System1 was other-than-temporary as of December 31, 2022. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment of $101.7 million which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, there was a $(63.1 ) million difference between the amount of our recorded ownership interest in System1 and the amount of the Company's ratable portion of the underlying equity in the net assets of System1. The negative basis difference was created upon the impairment of our investment in System1 as of December 31, 2022 described above. The Company is currently evaluating the accounting treatment of the new negative basis difference to System1's identifiable assets.
58
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
| September 30, 2022 | |||||
| (In millions) | |||||
| Total current assets | $ | ||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | |||||
| Other assets | |||||
| Total assets | $ | ||||
| Current liabilities | $ | ||||
| Long-term debt | |||||
| Other non-current liabilities | |||||
| Total liabilities | |||||
| Noncontrolling interest | |||||
| Total equity | |||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | ||||
| For the period from January 27, 2022 to September 30, 2022 | |||||
| (In millions) | |||||
| Total revenues | $ | ||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ||||
| Net loss | ( | ||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ||||
| Net loss attributable to System1 | ( | ||||
Paysafe
Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate value of our ownership of Paysafe common stock was $46.9 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Paysafe but we account for our ownership interest under the equity method of accounting because we exert significant influence through our 5.6 % direct ownership and because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity investors pursuant to which we have the ability to appoint or be consulted on the election of the majority of the total directors of Paysafe.
Due primarily to the quantum of the decrease in the fair market value of our ownership interest, negative trends in the alternative payments industry and decreasing market multiples of peer companies, management determined the decrease in value of our ownership interest in Paysafe was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge of $236.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations. As a result of the impairment, the basis difference between the carrying value of our ownership interest in Paysafe and the Company’s ratable portion of Paysafe’s net assets which was previously attributable to equity method goodwill was eliminated.
We report our equity in earnings or loss of Paysafe on a three-month lag and we acquired our ownership interest on March 30, 2021. Accordingly, our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 includes our equity in Paysafe’s losses for the periods from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022 and from March 31, 2021 through September 30, 2021, respectively.
59
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
| September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| For the year ended September 30, 2022 | For the period from March 31, 2021 to September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest | |||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Paysafe | ( | ( | |||||||||
Alight
Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate value of our direct and indirect ownership of Alight common stock was $438.7 million as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Alight but we account for our ownership interest under the equity method of accounting because we exert significant influence: (a) through our 9.7 % direct and indirect ownership, (b) because certain of our senior management and directors serve on Alight's board of directors, including the chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II, who is also the chairman of Alight's board of directors, and (c) because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity investors pursuant to which we have the ability to appoint or be consulted on the election of half of the total directors of Alight.
As of December 31, 2022, there was a $39.3 million difference between the amount of our recorded ownership interest in Alight and the amount of the Company's ratable portion of the underlying equity in net assets of Alight. We have evaluated the accounting treatment of such basis difference and allocated the entire basis difference to equity method goodwill, which represents the excess of our basis difference over our equity in Alight’s net assets that are not attributable to their identifiable net assets.
We acquired our ownership interest in Alight on July 2, 2021. Accordingly, our net loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 includes our equity in Alight’s losses for the periods from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022 and from July 2, 2021 through December 31, 2021, respectively.
60
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, 2022 | For the period from July 2, 2021 through December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating (loss) income | ( | ||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to Alight | ( | ( | |||||||||
Sightline
On March 31, 2021, we closed on our initial acquisition of our ownership interest in Sightline. On August 16, 2021, we acquired an additional ownership interest in Sightline.
As of December 31, 2022, there was a $190.8 million difference between the amount of our recorded ownership interest in Sightline and the amount of the Company's ratable portion of the underlying equity in net assets of Sightline. We have evaluated the accounting treatment of such basis difference and allocated $127.0 million to customer relationships, $67.7 million to developed technology, $6.6 million to tradenames, $42.3 million to deferred tax liabilities and the remaining basis difference to equity method goodwill, which represents the excess of our basis difference over our equity in Sightline's net assets that are not attributable to their identifiable net assets. Customer relationships are amortized over ten years and developed technology and tradenames are amortized over five years 7.7 million is included in our equity in losses of Sightline for the year ended December 31, 2022.
We report our equity in earnings or loss of Sightline on a three-month lag and we acquired our initial ownership interest on March 31, 2021. Accordingly, our net loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 includes our equity in Sightline’s net loss for the period from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022 and from April 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021, respectively.
61
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
| September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
| For the year ended September 30, 2022 | For the period from April 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
Equity Security Investments Without Readily Determinable Fair Values
We account for our investments in AmeriLife, the preferred equity of QOMPLX and certain other investments at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly market transactions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $114.8 million and $54.2 million, respectively, recorded for our such investments, which is included in Other long-term investments and noncurrent assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded an impairment of $32.8 million to our ownership interest in QOMPLX. The amount of the impairment charge was determined based on the valuation of QOMPLX implied by a third-party investment in the preferred equity of QOMPLX. We did not record any upward or downward adjustments to these investments due to impairments or price changes in the year ended December 31, 2021.
Note C. Fair Value Measurements
The fair value hierarchy established by the accounting standards on fair value measurements includes three levels, which are based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities that are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that we have the ability to access.
Level 2. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on model inputs that are unobservable.
The Company’s financial instruments also include cash, cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate the fair values as maturities are less than three months.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
62
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ceridian | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceridian | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Austerlitz Acquisition Corp. II ("AAII") Forward Purchase Agreement | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| System1 Backstop Agreement | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paysafe Warrants | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| AAII Warrants | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other noncurrent assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets, measured on a recurring basis (in millions).
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt | Forward Purchase | Subscription | AAII | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| securities | Agreements | Agreements | Warrants | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value, beginning of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognized gain on settlement (1) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net valuation (loss) gain included in earnings (1) | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification to investments in unconsolidated affiliates and Warrants | — | ( | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of AAII Warrants | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net valuation gain included in other comprehensive earnings (2) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfers to Level 2 | — | — | — | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of corporate debt securities | ( | — | — | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value, end of period | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
___________________________________________
(1) Included in Recognized (losses) gains, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2) Included in Unrealized gain on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings (Loss).
Transfers into or out of the Level 3 fair value category occur when unobservable inputs become more or less significant to the fair value measurement or upon a change in valuation technique. We had no material assets or liabilities valued on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs as of or for the year ended December 31, 2022. We transferred the AAII Warrants from Level 3 to Level 2 in the year ended December 31, 2021 as the price of AAII's publicly traded warrants became available.
Additional information regarding the fair value of our investment portfolio is included in Note B.
63
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Note D. Variable Interest Entities
The Company, in the normal course of business, engages in certain activities that involve variable interest entities ("VIEs"), which are legal entities in which a group of equity investors individually lack any of the characteristics of a controlling interest. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is generally the enterprise that has both the power to direct the activities most significant to the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company evaluates its interest in certain entities to determine if these entities meet the definition of a VIE and whether the Company is the primary beneficiary and should consolidate the entity based on the variable interests it held both at inception and when there is a change in circumstances that requires a reconsideration. If the Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE, it must account for the VIE as a consolidated subsidiary. If the Company is determined not to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE but holds a variable interest in the entity, such variable interests are accounted for under accounting standards as deemed appropriate. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we are not the primary beneficiary of any VIEs.
Unconsolidated VIEs
The table below summarizes select information related to variable interests held by the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, of which we are not the primary beneficiary:
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Assets | Maximum Exposure | Total Assets | Maximum Exposure | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward Purchase Agreements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System1 Backstop Agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
As of December 31, 2022, we held variable interests in certain unconsolidated affiliates, which are primarily comprised of our ownership interests in BKFE and CSI. Cannae does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these unconsolidated affiliates; therefore, we are not the primary beneficiary.
The principal risk to which these investments and funds are exposed is the credit risk of the underlying investees. Cannae has guaranteed certain payment obligations of BKFE related to earnouts of its acquisitions of interests in football clubs and investment commitments associated with these acquisitions. These BKFE obligations total an estimated amount of approximately $99 million in the aggregate as of the date of this Annual Report and are potentially payable at various increments over the next five years. The underlying obligation of BKFE to fund these amounts is contingent on certain earnout criteria being met or the exercise of certain investment options by BKFE or other parties. Cannae is required to fund such payments solely to the extent BKFE is unable to meet these obligations. We do not provide any other implicit or explicit liquidity guarantees or principal value guarantees to these VIEs.
Note E. Segment Information
We acquired our initial ownership interest in Sightline on March 31, 2021. On August 16, 2021, we acquired an additional ownership interest in Sightline. We account for our investment in Sightline under the equity method of accounting and report our equity in earnings or loss of Sightline on a three-month lag. Our chief operating decision maker reviews the full financial results of Sightline for purposes of assessing performance and allocating resources. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022, Sightline exceeded certain of the quantitative thresholds prescribed by ASC 280 Segment Reporting and we began considering Sightline a reportable segment and have included the full results of Sightline subsequent to our investment, on a three-month lag, in the tables below.
As discussed in Notes A and B, as a result of the Optimal Blue Disposition, Optimal Blue is no longer a reportable segment. As a result, the segment table for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been retrospectively revised to remove Optimal Blue as a reportable segment.
64
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
As discussed in Notes A and B, as a result of the AmeriLife Sales, AmeriLife no longer meets the significance test and is no longer a reportable segment. As a result, the segment table for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 have been retrospectively revised to remove AmeriLife as a reportable segment.
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Restaurant Group | Dun & Bradstreet | Sightline | Paysafe | Alight | Corporate and Other | Affiliate Elimination | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from external customers | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and investment income, including recognized (losses) gains, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues and other income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2021:
| Restaurant Group | Dun & Bradstreet | Sightline | Paysafe | Alight | Corporate and Other | Affiliate Elimination | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from external customers | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and investment income, including recognized gains (losses), net | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues and other income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in (losses) earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
65
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
As of and for the year ended December 31, 2020:
| Restaurant Group | Dun & Bradstreet | Corporate and Other | Affiliate Elimination | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other revenues | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from external customers | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and investment income, including recognized gains (losses), net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenues and other income | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before income taxes and equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) earnings before equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) earnings | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The activities in our segments include the following:
•Restaurant Group. This segment consists primarily of the operations of O'Charley's and 99 Restaurants in which we have 65.4 % and 88.5 % ownership interests, respectively. O'Charley's and 99 Restaurants and their affiliates are the owners and operators of the O'Charley's and Ninety Nine Restaurants restaurant concepts, respectively. This segment also includes the operations of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ Holdco, LLC ("VIBSQ") prior to their respective sales in 2021, for the periods from January 1, 2020 through January 27, 2020 and from October 2, 2020 through December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2022, other than the winding down of certain immaterial retained assets and liabilities of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ, we have no further material interest in Legendary Baking and VIBSQ.
•Dun & Bradstreet. This segment consists of our 18.1 % ownership interest in Dun & Bradstreet. Dun & Bradstreet is a leading global provider of business decisioning data and analytics. Clients embed D&B's trusted, end-to-end solutions into their daily workflows to enhance salesforce productivity, gain visibility into key markets, inform commercial credit decisions and confirm that suppliers are financially viable and compliant with laws and regulations. Dun & Bradstreet's solutions support its clients’ mission critical business operations by providing proprietary and curated data and analytics to help drive informed decisions and improved outcomes. Dun & Bradstreet's global commercial database as of December 31, 2022 contained hundreds of millions of business records. Our chief operating decision maker reviews the full financial results of Dun & Bradstreet for purposes of assessing performance and allocating resources. Thus, we consider Dun & Bradstreet a reportable segment and have included the full results of Dun & Bradstreet in the tables above. We account for Dun & Bradstreet using the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results do not consolidate into ours. Accordingly, we have presented the elimination of Dun & Bradstreet's results in the Affiliate Elimination section of the segment presentation above. See Note B for further discussion of our ownership interest in Dun & Bradstreet and related accounting.
•Alight. This segment consists of our 9.7 % ownership interest in Alight. Alight is a leading cloud-based human capital technology and services provider that powers confident health, wealth and wellbeing decisions for millions of people and their dependents. Its Alight Worklife® platform combines data and analytics with a simple, seamless user experience. Supported by its global delivery capabilities, Alight Worklife is transforming the employee experience for people around the world through personalized, data-driven health, wealth, pay and wellbeing insights. Our chief operating decision maker reviews the full financial results of Alight for purposes of assessing performance and allocating resources. Thus, we consider Alight a reportable segment and have included the full results of Alight subsequent to our initial acquisition of an ownership interest in the tables above. We account for Alight using the equity method of accounting, and therefore, its results do not consolidate into ours. Accordingly, we have presented the elimination of Alight's results in the Affiliate Elimination section of the segment presentation above. We historically accounted for our equity ownership and proportionate share of earnings or losses in Alight utilizing a three-month reporting lag due to timeliness considerations. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company was able to obtain financial information for Alight on a more timely basis and began recording our ownership interest in Alight on a current basis as opposed to the previous three-month lag. The elimination of the three-month reporting lag for our
66
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
equity ownership in Alight did not result in any material adjustments to any current or prior period financial information. We acquired our ownership interest on July 2, 2021. Accordingly, the segment tables above for the year ended December 31, 2021 include the results of Alight for the period from July 2, 2021 through December 31, 2021. See Note B for further discussion of our ownership interest in Alight and related accounting.
•Paysafe. This segment consists of our 5.6 % ownership interest in Paysafe. Paysafe is a leading payments platform with an extensive track record of serving merchants and consumers in the global entertainment sectors. Its core purpose is to enable businesses and consumers to connect and transact seamlessly through industry-leading capabilities in payment processing, digital wallet, and online cash solutions. Our chief operating decision maker reviews the full financial results of Paysafe for purposes of assessing performance and allocating resources. Thus, we consider Paysafe a reportable segment and have included the full results of Paysafe subsequent to our initial acquisition of an ownership interest in the tables above. We account for Paysafe using the equity method of accounting, and therefore, its results do not consolidate into ours. Accordingly, we have presented the elimination of Paysafe's results in the Affiliate Elimination section of the segment presentation above. We report our equity in earnings or loss of Paysafe on a three-month lag and we acquired our ownership interest on March 30, 2021. Accordingly, our segment tables above for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, includes our equity in Paysafe's losses for the periods from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022 and from March 31, 2021 through September 30, 2021, respectively. See Note B for further discussion of our ownership interest in Paysafe and related accounting.
•Sightline. This segment consists of our 32.4 % ownership interest in Sightline Payments. Sightline Payments is a leading digital payments provider and mobile application developer to the United States' sports betting and casino gaming market. Our chief operating decision maker reviews the full financial results of Sightline for purposes of assessing performance and allocating resources. Thus, we consider Sightline a reportable segment and have included the full results of Sightline subsequent to our initial acquisition of an ownership interest in the tables above. We account for Sightline using the equity method of accounting, and therefore, its results do not consolidate into ours. Accordingly, we have presented the elimination of Sightline's results in the Affiliate Elimination section of the segment presentation above. We report our equity in earnings or loss of Sightline on a three-month lag and we acquired our ownership interest on March 31, 2021. Accordingly, our segment tables above for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, includes our equity in Sightline's losses for the periods from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022 and from April 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021, respectively. See Note B for further discussion of our ownership interest in Sightline and related accounting.
•Corporate and Other. This aggregation of nonreportable segments consists of our share in the operations of certain controlled portfolio companies and other equity investments, activity of the corporate holding company and certain intercompany eliminations and taxes.
Note F. Revenue Recognition
Disaggregation of Revenue
Our revenue consists of the following:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue Stream | Segment | Total Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant revenue: | (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | Restaurant Group | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bakery sales | Restaurant Group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franchise and other | Restaurant Group | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total restaurant revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate and resort | Corporate and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | Corporate and other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other operating revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating revenue | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
67
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Restaurant revenue consists of restaurant sales, bakery operations, and, to a lesser extent, franchise revenue and other revenue. Restaurant sales include food and beverage sales and gift card breakage, are net of applicable state and local sales taxes and discounts, and are recognized at a point in time as services are performed and goods are provided.
Revenue from bakery operations is recognized at a point in time in the period during which the products are shipped and control transfers to the customer.
Franchise revenue and other revenue consist of development fees and royalties on sales by franchised units. Initial franchise fees are recognized as income upon commencement of the franchise operation and completion of all material services and conditions by the Company. Royalties are calculated as a percentage of the franchisee sales and recognized in the period in which the sales are generated. Revenue resulting from the sale of gift cards is recognized in the period in which the gift card is redeemed and is recorded as deferred revenue until recognized.
Other operating revenue consists of income generated by our resort operations, which includes sales of real estate, lodging rentals, food and beverage sales, and other income from various resort services offered. Revenue is recognized upon closing of the sale of real estate or once goods and services have been provided and billed to the customer.
Contract Balances
The following table provides information about receivables and deferred revenue:
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Trade receivables, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue (contract liabilities) | |||||||||||
Trade receivables, net are included in Other current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
There was no impairment related to contract balances.
Note G. Leases
We are party to operating lease arrangements primarily for leased real estate for restaurants and office space. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases under ASC 842 are recorded at commencement when we are party to a contract that conveys the right for the Company to control an asset for a specified period of time. We are not a party to any material contracts considered finance leases. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases are recorded as Lease assets and Lease liabilities, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Our material operating leases range in term from one year to eighteen years . As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the weighted-average remaining lease term of our operating leases was approximately ten years
Our operating lease agreements do not contain any material buyout options, residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
Most of our leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term by varying amounts. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. We include options to renew, not to exceed a total lease term of twenty years , in our measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when they are considered reasonably certain of exercise. We consider a lease reasonably certain for renewal when the duration of the lease extensions are in the foreseeable future and related to assets for which continued use is reasonably assured.
Excluding certain immaterial classes of leases in our Restaurant Group, we do not separate lease components from non-lease components for any of our right of use assets.
Our operating lease liabilities are determined by discounting future lease payments using a discount rate that represents our best estimate of the incremental borrowing rate our subsidiaries would have to pay to borrow money to finance the asset over the underlying lease term and for an amount equal to the lease payments. Our discount rate is based on interest rates associated with comparable public company secured debt for companies similar to our operating subsidiaries and of similar duration to the
68
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
underlying lease. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the weighted-average discount rate used to determine our operating lease liabilities was 7.01 % and 6.97 %, respectively.
Our lease costs are directly attributable to restaurant operations, primarily for real estate and to a lesser extent certain restaurant equipment. Operating lease costs of $36.4 million, $37.3 million and $43.2 million are included in Cost of restaurant revenue on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Lease assets are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.
We do not have any material impairments of lease assets, short term lease costs, variable lease costs, or sublease income.
Future payments under operating lease arrangements accounted for under ASC Topic 842 as of December 31, 2022 are as follows (in millions):
| 2023 | $ | ||||
| 2024 | |||||
| 2025 | |||||
| 2026 | |||||
| 2027 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| Total lease payments, undiscounted | $ | ||||
| Less: discount | |||||
Total operating lease liability as of December 31, 2022, at present value | $ | ||||
Less: operating lease liability as of December 31, 2022, current | |||||
Operating lease liability as of December 31, 2022, long-term | $ | ||||
Note H. Property and Equipment
| Property and equipment consists of the following: | |||||||||||
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
| Land | |||||||||||
| Buildings | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $19.3 million, $22.5 million, and $26.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
69
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Note I. Other Intangible Assets
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Trademarks and tradenames | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Software | |||||||||||
| Franchise rights | |||||||||||
| Customer relationships and contracts | |||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Note J. Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Liabilities
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, current consist of the following:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Accrued payroll and employee benefits | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued casualty self-insurance expenses | |||||||||||
| Tax liabilities, excluding income taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, long-term consist of the following:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Restaurant Group financing obligations | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
Note K. Notes Payable
Notes payable consists of the following:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||
| 2020 Margin Facility | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| FNF Revolver | ||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||
| Notes payable, total | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Less: Notes payable, current | ||||||||||||||
| Notes payable, long-term | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
70
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
At December 31, 2022, the carrying value of our outstanding notes payable approximates fair value and are considered Level 2 financial liabilities.
2020 Margin Facility
On November 30, 2020, Cannae Funding C, LLC ("Borrower 1"), an indirect wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary of the Company, and Cannae Funding D, LLC ("Borrower 2" and, together with Borrower 1, the "Borrowers"), an indirect wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Margin Loan Agreement (the "2020 Margin Facility") with the lenders from time to time party thereto and Royal Bank of Canada.
Under the 2020 Margin Facility, the Borrowers may borrow up to $250.0 million in revolving loans and, subject to certain terms and conditions, may enter into an amendment to the 2020 Margin Facility to borrow up to $500.0 million in revolving loans (including the initial revolving loans) from the same initial lender and/or additional lenders on substantially identical terms and conditions as the initial revolving loans. The 2020 Margin Facility matures on November 30, 2023. Outstanding amounts under the 2020 Margin Facility, if any, bear interest quarterly at a rate per annum equal to a three-month adjusted SOFR plus an applicable margin. The 2020 Margin Facility requires the Borrowers to maintain a certain loan-to-value ratio (based on the value of Ceridian and D&B shares). In the event the Borrowers fail to maintain such loan-to-value ratio, the Borrowers must post additional cash collateral under the Loan Agreement and/or elect to repay a portion of the revolving loans thereunder, or sell the Ceridian and/or D&B shares and use the proceeds from such sale to prepay a portion of the revolving loans thereunder.
As of December 31, 2022, there was no outstanding balance under the 2020 Margin Facility, $250.0 million of unused capacity with an option to increase the capacity to $500.0 million upon amendment, and the 2020 Margin Facility was secured by a first priority lien on 6 million shares of Ceridian and 35 million shares of D&B.
FNF Revolver
On November 17, 2017, FNF issued to Cannae a revolver note in aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million. On May 12, 2022, FNF and Cannae amended and restated the revolver note to, among other things, limit the use of proceeds for borrowings thereunder to the repurchase of our own shares of common stock from FNF (as amended and restated, the "FNF Revolver"). The FNF Revolver accrues interest at one-month adjusted SOFR plus 450 basis points and matures on November 17, 2025. The maturity date is automatically extended for additional five-year terms unless notice of non-renewal is otherwise provided by either FNF or Cannae, in their sole discretion.
On June 28, 2022, we completed the repurchase of all of our common stock previously held by FNF; accordingly there is no incremental borrowing capacity available under the FNF Revolver. As of December 31, 2022, there was a $84.7 million outstanding principal balance under the FNF Revolver which incurred interest at 8.94 %.
Gross principal maturities of notes payable at December 31, 2022 are as follows (in millions): | |||||
| 2023 | $ | ||||
| 2024 | |||||
| 2025 | |||||
| 2026 | |||||
| 2027 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| $ | |||||
At December 31, 2022, the carrying value of our outstanding notes payable approximate fair value. The revolving credit facilities are considered Level 2 financial liabilities.
71
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Note L. Income Taxes
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Current | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||
A reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to our effective tax rate is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal statutory rate | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| State income taxes, net of federal benefit | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Tax credits | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-deductible expenses and other, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-deductible executive compensation | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Dividends received deduction | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Basis difference in investments | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity method investment stock-based compensation | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate excluding equity investments | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| Equity investments | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
The change in the effective tax rate in all periods is primarily attributable to the varying impact of earnings or losses from unconsolidated affiliates on our consolidated pretax earnings or losses.
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of the following:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Partnerships | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Total gross deferred tax asset | |||||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax asset | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Partnerships | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax liability | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
| Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
72
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
The Company’s deferred taxes are primarily reflected as the book to tax difference in the Company's ownership of Cannae LLC. The Company, through its direct and indirect interests, holds a 100 % ownership percentage of Cannae LLC.
The decrease in our net deferred tax liability as of December 31, 2022 from 2021 is primarily related to the impairment of our ownership interests in Paysafe, System1 and QOMPLX as well as sales and mark to market losses on the Company's investment in Ceridian.
The Company’s gross state NOL carryforwards were $92.3 million and $67.0 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The NOLs expire in various tax years through 2043.
ASC 740 requires that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all of the available evidence using a "more likely than not" standard. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. Management evaluated the Company’s deferred tax assets for recoverability using a consistent approach that considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, in particular, the Company’s historical profitability and any projections of future taxable income or potential future tax planning strategies. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $3.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively, related to state NOLs, as it is more likely than not that the tax benefit of certain state NOLs will not be realized before the NOLs expire.
Unrecognized tax benefits are recorded for differences between tax positions the Company takes, or expects to take, on its income tax return compared to the benefit recognized for financial statement purposes. The Company does no
The Company's federal and state income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019 remain subject to examination.
Note M. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various pending and threatened litigation and regulatory matters related to our operations, some of which include claims for punitive or exemplary damages. Our ordinary course litigation includes purported class action lawsuits, which make allegations related to various aspects of our business. From time to time, we also receive requests for information from various state and federal regulatory authorities, some of which take the form of civil investigative demands or subpoenas. Some of these regulatory inquiries may result in the assessment of fines for violations of regulations or settlements with such authorities requiring a variety of remedies. We believe that no actions, other than those discussed below, if any, depart from customary litigation or regulatory inquiries incidental to our business.
Our Restaurant Group companies are a defendant from time to time in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including claims relating to injury or wrongful death under "dram shop" laws that allow a person to sue us based on any injury caused by an intoxicated person who was wrongfully served alcoholic beverages at one of the restaurants; individual and purported class or collective action claims alleging violation of federal and state employment, franchise and other laws; and claims from guests or employees alleging illness, injury or other food quality, health or operational concerns. Our Restaurant Group companies are also subject to compliance with extensive government laws and regulations related to employment practices and policies and the manufacture, preparation, and sale of food and alcohol. We may also become subject to lawsuits and other proceedings, as well as card network fines and penalties, arising out of the actual or alleged theft of our customers' credit or debit card information.
We review lawsuits and other legal and regulatory matters (collectively "legal proceedings") on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions. When assessing reasonably possible and probable outcomes, management bases its decision on its assessment of the ultimate outcome assuming all appeals have been exhausted. For legal proceedings in which it has been determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability based on known facts that represents our best estimate is recorded. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our accrual for settlements of legal proceedings was not considered material. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded and the ultimate outcome of our pending legal proceedings is generally not yet determinable. While some of these matters could be material to our operating results or cash flows for any particular period in the event of an unfavorable outcome, at present, we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of currently pending legal proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
On September 23, 2020, a stockholder derivative lawsuit styled Oklahoma Firefighters Pension & Retirement System, derivatively on behalf of Cannae Holdings, Inc. v. William P. Foley, II, et al., was filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of
73
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Delaware against the Company, certain Board members and officers of the Company, and the Manager, alleging breach of fiduciary duties relating to the Company’s Management Services Agreement. The plaintiff further alleges the Board breached their fiduciary duties by approving bonuses in connection with the initial public offering of Ceridian and the approval of an Investment Success Incentive Plan in August 2018. Along with the Complaint, the plaintiff filed a motion for partial summary judgment as to the count seeking to void the Management Services Agreement. On January 27, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the Management Services Agreement and plaintiff withdrew its motion for partial summary judgment as moot. On February 1, 2021, the court ordered the plaintiff's summary judgment motion withdrawn and dismissed the related count of the plaintiff's complaint. On February 18, 2021, our Board formed a Special Litigation Committee (the "SLC") consisting of two of the Board’s Directors, and has authorized the SLC, among other things, to investigate and evaluate the claims and allegations asserted in the lawsuit. The Board has also given the SLC the sole authority and power to consider and determine whether or not prosecution of the claims asserted in the lawsuit is in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders, and what action the Company should take with respect to the lawsuit. On March 9, 2021, the Court entered a stipulated Order staying the action for six months to allow the SLC to investigate, review, and evaluate the facts, circumstances, and claims asserted in or relating to the action and to determine the Company’s response thereto. The stay expired on September 30, 2022. On or about October 25, 2022, the parties, including the SLC acting on behalf of the Company, reached an agreement-in-principle to settle the action, subject to documentation in a formal stipulation of settlement, as well as approval by the Court. The agreement in principle includes, among other things, a payment of $6 million in cash to the Company, amendments to the Management Services Agreement between the Company and the Manager, and corporate governance changes. If the proposed settlement is not consummated, the defendants will contest the remaining claims vigorously.
Unconditional Purchase Obligations
We have certain unconditional purchase obligations, primarily in our Restaurant Group segment. These purchase obligations are with various vendors and primarily related to food and beverage obligations with fixed commitments in regard to the time period of the contract and the quantities purchased with annual price adjustments that can fluctuate. We used both historical and projected volume and pricing as of December 31, 2022 to determine the amount of the obligations.
Purchase obligations as of December 31, 2022 are as follows (in millions):
| 2023 | $ | ||||
| 2024 | |||||
| 2025 | |||||
| 2026 | |||||
| 2027 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
| Total purchase commitments | $ | ||||
Note N. Concentration of Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents.
We place cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution.
Our Restaurant Group companies obtain a majority of their restaurant food products and supplies from two distributors. Although we believe alternative vendors could be found in a timely manner, any disruption of these services could potentially have an adverse impact on operating results.
Note O. Related Party Transactions
Trasimene
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we incurred $40.1 million of management fee expenses and $49.3 million of carried interest expense related to sales of and distributions from Company investments. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred $33.6 million of management fee expenses and $44.5 million of carried interest expense related to sales of and distributions from Company investments. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred $20.8 million of management fee expenses payable to our Manager, incurred $11.3 million of carried interest expense related to sales of and distributions from Company investments, and earned $9.1 million of income related to transaction fees earned by the Manager and allocable to us pursuant to the Management Services Agreement. Such management fees and carried interest expense are recorded in Other operating expenses and transaction fee income is recorded in Interest, investment and other income on our
74
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other
Note P. Supplementary Cash Flow Information
The following supplemental cash flow information is provided with respect to interest and tax payments, as well as certain non-cash investing and financing activities.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid during the year: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| D&B shares received as partial consideration for the Optimal Blue Disposition | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Preferred shares received as consideration for note receivable from QOMPLX | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange of directly held Alight warrants for Alight common stock | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash distribution of CoreLogic stock to joint venture with Senator Investment Group | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash contribution of CoreLogic stock from joint venture with Senator Investment Group | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease assets recognized in exchange for lease liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets acquired in non-cash acquisition of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities assumed in non-cash acquisition of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ | ||||||||||||||||||||
75
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the year covered by this Annual Report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is: (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (b) accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation under this framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
None.
PART III
Items 10-14.
Within 120 days after the close of our fiscal year, we intend to file with the SEC the matters required by these items.
76
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) (1) Financial Statements. The following is a list of the Consolidated Financial Statements of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries included in Item 8 of Part II:
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required, or because the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes thereto.
77
(a) (2) The following exhibits are incorporated by reference or are set forth on pages to this Form 10-K:
78
Exhibit Number | Description | ||||
| 21.1 | |||||
| 23.1 | |||||
| 23.2 | |||||
| 23.3 | |||||
| 31.1 | |||||
| 31.2 | |||||
| 32.1 | |||||
| 32.2 | |||||
| 99.1 | |||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (2) | ||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | ||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | ||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | ||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File formatted Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101. | ||||
(1) A management or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this report pursuant to Item 15(b) of Form 10-K
(2) The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
79
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Cannae Holdings, Inc. | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Richard N. Massey | ||||||||||
| Richard N. Massey | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
Date: March 1, 2023
| Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. | ||||||||||||||
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Richard N. Massey | Chief Executive Officer and Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Richard N. Massey | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ Bryan D. Coy | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Bryan D. Coy | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ William P. Foley, II | Director and Chairman of the Board | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| William P. Foley, II | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ David Aung | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| David Aung | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Hugh R. Harris | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Hugh R. Harris | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ C. Malcolm Holland | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| C. Malcolm Holland | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Mark D. Linehan | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Mark D. Linehan | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Frank R. Martire | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Frank R. Martire | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Erika Meinhardt | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Erika Meinhardt | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Barry B. Moullet | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Barry B. Moullet | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ James B. Stallings, Jr. | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| James B. Stallings, Jr. | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Frank P. Willey | Director | March 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Frank P. Willey | ||||||||||||||
80
EXHIBIT 21.1
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
List of Subsidiaries December 31, 2022
Significant Subsidiaries
| COMPANY | INCORPORATION | |||||||
| Cannae Holdings, LLC | Delaware | |||||||
| DNB Holdco, LLC | Delaware | |||||||
| Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | Delaware | |||||||
| Paysafe Limited | Bermuda | |||||||
| Alight, Inc. | Delaware | |||||||
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-221694 on Form S-8 and Registration Statement No. 333-235303 on Form S-3 of our reports dated March 1, 2023 relating to the financial statements of Cannae Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Las Vegas, Nevada
March 1, 2023
Exhibit 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement (No. 333-235303) on Form S-3 and (No. 333-221694) on Form S-8 of Cannae Holdings, Inc. of our report dated February 23, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which report appears in the annual report on Form 10-K of Cannae Holdings, Inc.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
March 1, 2023
Exhibit 23.3
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:
1.Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-235303) of Cannae Holdings, Inc.
2.Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-221694) pertaining to the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan of Cannae Holdings, Inc.
of our report dated March 1, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Alight, Inc., included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Alight, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
March 1, 2023
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Richard N. Massey, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cannae Holdings, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
| a) | designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | ||||||||||
| b) | designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | ||||||||||
| c) | evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | ||||||||||
| d) | disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and | ||||||||||
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
| a) | all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | ||||||||||
| b) | any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. | ||||||||||
Date: March 1, 2023
| By: | /s/ Richard N. Massey | |||||||||||||
| Richard N. Massey | ||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Bryan D. Coy, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cannae Holdings, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
| a) | designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | ||||||||||
| b) | designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | ||||||||||
| c) | evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | ||||||||||
| d) | disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and | ||||||||||
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
| a) | all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | ||||||||||
| b) | any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. | ||||||||||
Date: March 1, 2023
| By: | /s/ Bryan D. Coy | |||||||||||||
| Bryan D. Coy | ||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORTS PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. §1350
The undersigned hereby certifies that he is the duly appointed and acting Principal Executive Officer of Cannae Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and hereby further certifies as follows.
| 1. | The periodic report containing financial statements to which this certificate is an exhibit fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |||||||
| 2. | The information contained in the periodic report to which this certificate is an exhibit fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. | |||||||
| In witness whereof, the undersigned has executed and delivered this certificate as of the date set forth opposite his signature below. | ||||||||
Date: March 1, 2023
| By: | /s/ Richard N. Massey | |||||||||||||
| Richard N. Massey | ||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORTS PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. §1350
The undersigned hereby certifies that he is the duly appointed and acting Chief Financial Officer of Cannae Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and hereby further certifies as follows.
| 1. | The periodic report containing financial statements to which this certificate is an exhibit fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |||||||
| 2. | The information contained in the periodic report to which this certificate is an exhibit fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. | |||||||
In witness whereof, the undersigned has executed and delivered this certificate as of the date set forth opposite his signature below.
Date: March 1, 2023
| By: | /s/ Bryan D. Coy | |||||||||||||
| Bryan D. Coy | ||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer | ||||||||||||||
Exhibit 99.1
Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.
Financial Statements
1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.:
Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholder equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
2
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Sufficiency of audit evidence over IT systems used in the revenue recognition process
As discussed in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company generated $1,587.1 million of revenue in North America for the year-ended December 31, 2022. The processing and recording of revenue in North America is reliant upon multiple information technology (IT) systems.
We identified the sufficiency of audit evidence over IT systems used in the revenue recognition process in North America as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained because of the complexity of the IT environment related to the revenue recognition process. Specifically, obtaining an understanding of the systems used in the Company’s recognition of revenue and evaluating the related internal controls required the involvement of professionals with specialized skills and knowledge.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We performed risk assessment procedures and applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over revenue. We involved IT professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in 1) gaining an understanding of the systems used in the Company’s recognition of revenue and 2) evaluating the design and testing the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the revenue process. This included the general IT and IT application controls related to recording revenue in North America. On a sample basis, we also tested certain revenue transactions by comparing the recorded amounts to underlying documentation. We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of audit evidence.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019
New York, New York
February 23, 2023
3
Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions, except per share data)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 2,224.6 | $ | 2,165.6 | $ | 1,738.7 | |||||||||||
| Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | 721.4 | 664.3 | 548.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling and administrative expenses | 745.6 | 714.7 | 559.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 587.2 | 615.9 | 537.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 20.5 | 25.1 | 37.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating costs | 2,074.7 | 2,020.0 | 1,683.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 149.9 | 145.6 | 55.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (193.2) | (206.4) | (271.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense) - net | 13.9 | 14.9 | (11.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Non-operating income (expense) - net | (177.1) | (190.8) | (282.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates | (27.2) | (45.2) | (226.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes | (28.8) | 23.4 | (112.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in net income of affiliates | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 4.1 | (65.9) | (111.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: net (income) loss attributable to the non-controlling interest | (6.4) | (5.8) | (4.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Dividends allocated to preferred stockholders | — | — | (64.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (2.3) | $ | (71.7) | $ | (180.6) | |||||||||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (0.01) | $ | (0.17) | $ | (0.49) | |||||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share of common stock: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (0.01) | $ | (0.17) | $ | (0.49) | |||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic | 429.1 | 428.7 | 367.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding-diluted | 429.1 | 428.7 | 367.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4.1 | $ | (65.9) | $ | (111.6) | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax (1) | $ | (124.6) | $ | (76.6) | $ | 28.5 | |||||||||||
Net investment hedge derivative, net of tax (2) | 2.0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedge derivative, net of tax expense (benefit) (3) | 41.0 | 7.8 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit pension plans: | |||||||||||||||||
Prior service credit (cost), net of tax expense (benefit) (4) | (0.2) | (0.2) | (0.8) | ||||||||||||||
Net actuarial gain (loss), net of tax expense (benefit) (5) | (46.0) | 108.6 | (95.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | $ | (127.8) | $ | 39.6 | $ | (67.1) | |||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | $ | (123.7) | $ | (26.3) | $ | (178.7) | |||||||||||
| Less: comprehensive (income) loss attributable to the non-controlling interest | 2.3 | (8.0) | (8.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (121.4) | $ | (34.3) | $ | (186.8) | |||||||||||
(1) Tax Expense (Benefit) of $(9.9) million, $(1.6) million and $2.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(2) Tax Expense (Benefit) of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(3) Tax Expense (Benefit) of $14.6 million, $2.8 million and $0.2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(4) Tax Expense (Benefit) of $(0.1) million, $0.1 million and $(0.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(5) Tax Expense (Benefit) of $(15.6) million, $38.9 million and $(32.2) million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
4
Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In millions, except share data and per share data)
December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 208.4 | $ | 177.1 | |||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $14.3 at December 31, 2022 and $16.5 at December 31, 2021 (Notes 4, 7 and 17) | 271.6 | 401.7 | |||||||||
| Prepaid taxes | 57.7 | 52.2 | |||||||||
| Other prepaids | 77.2 | 63.9 | |||||||||
| Other current assets (Notes 4 and 14) | 89.0 | 23.1 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 703.9 | 718.0 | |||||||||
| Non-current assets | |||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $38.4 at December 31, 2022 and $27.5 at December 31, 2021 (Note 17) | 96.9 | 96.8 | |||||||||
Computer software, net of accumulated amortization of $348.8 at December 31, 2022 and $234.2 at December 31, 2021 (Note 17) | 631.8 | 557.4 | |||||||||
| Goodwill (Notes 17 and 18) | 3,431.3 | 3,493.3 | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax (Note 10) | 16.0 | 18.5 | |||||||||
| Other intangibles (Notes 17 and 18) | 4,320.1 | 4,824.5 | |||||||||
| Deferred costs (Note 4) | 143.7 | 116.1 | |||||||||
| Other non-current assets (Note 17) | 128.2 | 172.6 | |||||||||
| Total non-current assets | 8,768.0 | 9,279.2 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 9,471.9 | $ | 9,997.2 | |||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 80.5 | $ | 83.5 | |||||||
| Accrued payroll | 109.5 | 125.6 | |||||||||
| Short-term debt (Note 6) | 32.7 | 28.1 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue (Note 4) | 563.1 | 569.4 | |||||||||
| Other accrued and current liabilities (Note 17) | 316.8 | 198.3 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 1,102.6 | 1,004.9 | |||||||||
| Long-term pension and postretirement benefits (Note 11) | 158.2 | 178.4 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt (Note 6) | 3,552.2 | 3,716.7 | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax (Note 10) | 1,023.7 | 1,207.2 | |||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities (Note 17) | 126.8 | 144.7 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 5,963.5 | 6,251.9 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9 and 20) | |||||||||||
| Equity | |||||||||||
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, authorized—2,000,000,000 shares; 436,604,447 shares issued and 435,717,527 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 432,070,999 shares issued and 431,197,782 shares outstanding at December 31, 2021 | — | — | |||||||||
| Capital surplus | 4,443.7 | 4,500.4 | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (764.1) | (761.8) | |||||||||
Treasury Stock, 886,920 shares at December 31, 2022 and 873,217 shares at December 31, 2021 | (0.3) | (0.3) | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (180.0) | (57.1) | |||||||||
| Total stockholder equity | 3,499.3 | 3,681.2 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interest | 9.1 | 64.1 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 3,508.4 | 3,745.3 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholder equity | $ | 9,471.9 | $ | 9,997.2 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
5
Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In millions)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 4.1 | $ | (65.9) | $ | (111.6) | |||||||||||
| Reconciliation of net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 587.2 | 615.9 | 537.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of unrecognized pension loss (gain) | (0.4) | 1.9 | (0.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Debt early redemption premium expense | 16.3 | 29.5 | 50.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization and write off of deferred debt issuance costs | 23.8 | 31.2 | 45.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Pension settlement charge | 2.1 | — | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation expense | 66.0 | 33.3 | 45.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charge | 20.5 | 25.1 | 37.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring payments | (16.9) | (20.6) | (16.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of make-whole derivative liability | — | — | 32.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in deferred income taxes | (151.0) | (77.4) | (99.6) | ||||||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: (1) | |||||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable | 113.3 | (13.7) | (45.1) | ||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in prepaid taxes, other prepaids and other current assets | (23.2) | 62.7 | (28.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue | 8.8 | 16.5 | 8.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in accounts payable | (5.2) | (0.1) | 9.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in accrued payroll | 3.6 | 10.8 | (36.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in other accrued and current liabilities | (18.1) | (31.2) | (131.5) | ||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in other long-term assets | (53.2) | (34.2) | (49.7) | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in long-term liabilities | (41.2) | (84.4) | (39.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Net, other non-cash adjustments | 0.6 | 4.3 | (1.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 537.1 | 503.7 | 205.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired | (0.5) | (844.8) | (20.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash settlements of foreign currency contracts and net investment hedge | 6.0 | 22.3 | 7.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments for real estate purchase | — | (76.6) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (12.6) | (9.7) | (7.8) | ||||||||||||||
| Additions to computer software and other intangibles | (205.3) | (170.7) | (115.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Other investing activities, net | 1.9 | 0.8 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (210.5) | (1,078.7) | (133.8) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in the IPO transaction and Private Placement, net (2) | — | — | 2,248.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Payment for the redemption of Cumulative Series A Preferred Stock | — | — | (1,067.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment for make-whole liability | — | — | (205.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment for debt early redemption premiums | (16.3) | (29.5) | (50.1) | ||||||||||||||
Payments of dividends (3) | (42.9) | — | (64.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of long term debt | (420.0) | (450.0) | (580.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings on Credit Facility | 315.1 | 314.1 | 407.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of Senior Notes | — | 460.0 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings on Term Loan Facility | 460.0 | 300.0 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of borrowings on Credit Facility | (424.8) | (154.1) | (407.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of borrowing on Term Loan Facility | (106.6) | (28.1) | (19.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of borrowings on Bridge Loan | — | — | (63.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of debt issuance costs | (7.4) | (9.5) | (2.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment for purchase of non-controlling interests | (23.6) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Other financing activities, net (4) | (14.6) | (2.8) | (7.8) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (281.1) | 400.1 | 188.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (14.2) | (0.3) | 7.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 31.3 | (175.2) | 267.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period | 177.1 | 352.3 | 84.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period | $ | 208.4 | $ | 177.1 | $ | 352.3 | |||||||||||
6
| Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | |||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - continued | |||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Paid for: | |||||||||||||||||
| Income taxes payment (refund), net | $ | 139.8 | $ | 12.7 | $ | 116.9 | |||||||||||
| Interest | 178.5 | 191.8 | 249.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Noncash Investing and Financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of acquired assets | $ | 1.3 | $ | 1,447.4 | $ | 21.6 | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for acquired businesses | (0.5) | (882.1) | (21.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Unpaid purchase price accrued in "Other accrued and current liabilities" | — | (6.9) | — | ||||||||||||||
6,237,087 shares of common stock issued for the acquisition | — | (158.9) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Assumed liabilities from acquired businesses including non-controlling interest | $ | 0.8 | $ | 399.5 | $ | 0.4 | |||||||||||
| Noncash additions to computer software | $ | 15.0 | $ | 7.9 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Noncash additions to property, plant and equipment | $ | — | $ | 1.7 | $ | 2.0 | |||||||||||
(1)Net of the effect of acquisitions, see further details in Note 16.
(2)Net of IPO offering costs of $132.8 million of which $131.9 million was paid by proceeds raised from the offering (see Note 1) and $0.9 million was paid prior to the IPO and Private Placement.
(3)Payment of dividends for the year ended December 31, 2022 are related to quarterly common stock dividends. Payment of dividends for the year ended December 31, 2020 are related to non-recurring preferred dividends for the Series A Preferred Stock.
(4)Primarily related to distributions to non-controlling shareholders.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
7
Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholder Equity (Deficit)
(In millions)
Common stock | Capital surplus | (Accumulated deficit) retained earnings | Treasury stock | Cumulative translation adjustment | Defined benefit postretirement plans | Cash flow hedging derivative | Total stockholder equity (deficit) | Non-controlling interest | Total equity (deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2020 | $ | — | $ | 2,116.9 | $ | (573.6) | $ | — | $ | 0.9 | $ | (24.0) | $ | (1.1) | $ | 1,519.1 | $ | 58.2 | $ | 1,577.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | (116.5) | — | — | — | — | (116.5) | 4.9 | (111.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion - Series A Preferred Stock (1) | — | (36.1) | — | — | — | — | — | (36.1) | — | (36.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock in IPO and Private Placement, net of issuance costs | — | 2,248.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 2,248.2 | — | 2,248.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation plans (2) | — | 45.3 | — | — | — | — | — | 45.3 | — | 45.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension adjustments, net of tax benefit of $32.4 | — | — | — | — | — | (96.3) | — | (96.3) | — | (96.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax expense of $2.9 | — | — | — | — | 25.3 | — | — | 25.3 | 3.2 | 28.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedge derivative, net of tax expense of $0.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7 | 0.7 | — | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred dividend (1) | — | (64.1) | — | — | — | — | — | (64.1) | — | (64.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (8.0) | (8.0) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | — | $ | 4,310.2 | $ | (690.1) | $ | — | $ | 26.2 | $ | (120.3) | $ | (0.4) | $ | 3,525.6 | $ | 58.3 | $ | 3,583.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2021 | $ | — | $ | 4,310.2 | $ | (690.1) | $ | — | $ | 26.2 | $ | (120.3) | $ | (0.4) | $ | 3,525.6 | $ | 58.3 | $ | 3,583.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | (71.7) | — | — | — | — | (71.7) | 5.8 | (65.9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for Bisnode acquisition | — | 158.9 | — | — | — | — | — | 158.9 | — | 158.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation plans | — | 31.3 | — | (0.3) | — | — | — | 31.0 | — | 31.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension adjustments, net of tax expense of $39.0 | — | — | — | — | — | 108.4 | — | 108.4 | — | 108.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax benefit of $1.6 | — | — | — | — | (78.8) | — | — | (78.8) | 2.2 | (76.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedge derivative, net of tax expense of $2.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.8 | 7.8 | — | 7.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (2.2) | (2.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | — | $ | 4,500.4 | $ | (761.8) | $ | (0.3) | $ | (52.6) | $ | (11.9) | $ | 7.4 | $ | 3,681.2 | $ | 64.1 | $ | 3,745.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2022 | $ | — | $ | 4,500.4 | $ | (761.8) | $ | (0.3) | $ | (52.6) | $ | (11.9) | $ | 7.4 | $ | 3,681.2 | $ | 64.1 | $ | 3,745.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | (2.3) | — | — | — | — | (2.3) | 6.4 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase of non-controlling interest (3) | — | (73.8) | — | — | — | — | — | (73.8) | (42.4) | (116.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification of cumulative translation adjustment related to the purchase of non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | (3.8) | — | — | (3.8) | 3.8 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation plans | — | 60.7 | — | — | — | — | — | 60.7 | — | 60.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared (4) | — | (43.6) | — | — | — | — | — | (43.6) | — | (43.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension adjustments, net of tax benefit of $15.7 | — | — | — | — | — | (46.2) | — | (46.2) | — | (46.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax benefit of $9.9 | — | — | — | — | (115.9) | — | — | (115.9) | (8.7) | (124.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment hedge derivative, net of tax expense of $0.9 | — | — | — | — | 2.0 | — | — | 2.0 | — | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow hedge derivative, net of tax expense of $14.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41.0 | 41.0 | — | 41.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payment to non-controlling interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (14.1) | (14.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | — | $ | 4,443.7 | $ | (764.1) | $ | (0.3) | $ | (170.3) | $ | (58.1) | $ | 48.4 | $ | 3,499.3 | $ | 9.1 | $ | 3,508.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Related to Series A Preferred Stock which was fully redeemed in July 2020. Prior to the redemption, on May 14, 2020 and March 4, 2020, the board of directors of Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. declared a cash dividend of $30.51 per share to all holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock. An aggregate amount of $32.1 million and $32.0 million was paid on June 26, 2020 and March 27, 2020, respectively.
(2)Includes $0.2 million related to the conversion of pre-IPO liability classified equity-based awards into restricted stock units.
(3)See Note 17 "Supplemental Financial Data" for further discussion.
(4)See Note 13 "Earnings (Loss) Per Share" for further discussion.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
8
DUN & BRADSTREET HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Note 1 --Basis of Presentation and Description of Business
The accompanying financial statements of Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("we" or "us" or "our" or the "Company") were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period reported. As discussed throughout this Note 1, we base our estimates on historical experience, current conditions and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include: valuation allowances for receivables and deferred income tax assets; tax liabilities related to our undistributed foreign earnings associated with the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("2017 Act"); liabilities for potential tax exposure and potential litigation claims and settlements; assets and obligations related to employee benefits; allocation of the purchase price in acquisition accounting; impairment assessment for goodwill and other intangible assets; long-term asset recoverability and estimated useful life; stock-based compensation; revenue deferrals; and restructuring charges. We review estimates and assumptions periodically and reflect the changes in the consolidated financial statements in the period in which we determine any changes to be necessary. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect the latest estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented.
The consolidated financial statements include our accounts, as well as those of our subsidiaries and investments in which we have a controlling interest. Investments in companies over which we have significant influence but not a controlling interest are recorded under the equity method of accounting. When events and circumstances warrant, equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting are evaluated for impairment. An impairment charge is recorded whenever a decline in value of an equity investment below its carrying amount is determined to be other-than temporary. We elect to account for investments over which we do not have significant influence at cost adjusted for impairment or other changes resulting from observable market data. Market values associated with these investments are not readily available. Our cost investments were not material as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Description of Business
Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. through its operating company The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation ("Dun & Bradstreet" or "D&B") helps companies around the world improve their business performance. A global leader in business to business data and analytics, we glean insight from data to enable our clients to connect with the prospects, suppliers, clients and partners that matter most. Since 1841, companies of every size rely on Dun & Bradstreet to help them manage risk and reveal opportunity. We transform data into valuable business insights which are the foundation of our global solutions that clients rely on to make mission critical business decisions.
Dun & Bradstreet provides solution sets that meet a diverse set of clients’ needs globally. Clients use Finance & Risk solutions to mitigate credit, compliance and supplier risk, increase cash flow and drive increased profitability. Our Sales & Marketing solutions help clients better use data to grow sales, digitally engage with clients and prospects, improve marketing effectiveness and also offer data management capabilities that provide effective and cost efficient marketing solutions to increase revenue from new and existing clients.
Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) and Private Placement
On February 8, 2019, an investor consortium completed the acquisition of Dun & Bradstreet and it became a privately held company ("Take Private Transaction"). On July 6, 2020, we completed an IPO of 90,047,612 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share at a public offering price of $22.00 per share. Immediately subsequent to the closing of the IPO, a subsidiary of Cannae Holdings, a subsidiary of Black Knight and affiliates of CC Capital purchased a total of 18,458,700 shares of common stock from us in a private placement at a price per share equal to 98.5% of the IPO price, or $21.67 per share, for
9
proceeds of $200.0 million, $100.0 million and $100.0 million, respectively. A total of 108,506,312 shares of common stock were issued in the IPO and concurrent private placement for gross proceeds of $2,381.0 million. The use of the proceeds from the IPO and concurrent private placement was as follows:
| Gross proceeds | $ | 2,381.0 | |||
| Less: | |||||
| Underwriter fees | 89.1 | ||||
IPO related expenses (a) | 42.8 | ||||
Redemption of Series A Preferred Stock (b) | 1,067.9 | ||||
Make-whole payment on redemption of Series A Preferred Stock (b) | 205.2 | ||||
Partial redemption of 10.250% Senior Unsecured Notes and accrued interest | 312.0 | ||||
Call premium on partial redemption of 10.250% Senior Unsecured Notes | 30.8 | ||||
Partial redemption of 6.875% Senior Secured Notes and accrued interest | 282.2 | ||||
Call premium on partial redemption of 6.875% Senior Secured Notes | 19.3 | ||||
| Cash to balance sheet | $ | 331.7 | |||
(a) Includes payment of $30.0 million to the Originating Sponsors (see Note 19), in connection with the waiver and termination of anti-dilution rights in the Star Parent Partnership Agreement. Also in connection with the IPO transaction, we paid fees of $2.5 million each to Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. ("THL") Managers and entities affiliated with William P. Foley II and Chinh E. Chu (Bilcar, LLC and CC Star Holdings, LP, respectively) for services provided.
(b) Upon the closing of the IPO on July 6, 2020 (see above discussion), we redeemed all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, we made the total make-whole payment of $205.2 million. Prior to the redemption of the preferred stocks, the make-whole provision was recorded at the fair value. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2020 up to redemption, we recorded a loss of $32.8 million within "Other income (expense) - net," related to the change of fair value during the period.
In connection with the IPO, the following transactions occurred:
•On June 23, 2020, we increased our authorized common stock to 2,000,000,000 and our authorized preferred stock to 25,000,000 and effected a 314,494.968 for 1 stock split of our common stock. All of the common share and per share information in the consolidated financial statements for the Successor periods have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the increase in authorized common stock and stock split.
•All outstanding equity incentive awards in the form of profits interests were converted into common units of Star Parent, L.P. which retain the original time-based vesting schedule and are subject to the same forfeiture terms applicable to such unvested units.
•In connection with the IPO, we adopted the Dun & Bradstreet 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan"). See further discussion in Note 12.
Reporting Segments
We manage our business and report our financial results through the following two segments:
•North America offers Finance & Risk and Sales & Marketing data, analytics and business insights in the United States and Canada; and
•International offers Finance & Risk and Sales & Marketing data, analytics and business insights directly in the United Kingdom and Ireland ("U.K."), Nordics (Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland), DACH (Germany, Austria and Switzerland) and CE (Central and Eastern Europe) regions ("Europe"), Greater China, India and indirectly through our Worldwide Network alliances ("WWN alliances").
All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Where appropriate, we have reclassified certain prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.
Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by following a five-step process, (1) identify the contract with a client, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price, and (5) recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation.
We generate revenue from licensing our data and providing related data services to our clients. Our data is integrated into our hosted or on-premise software applications. Data is also delivered directly into client third-party applications (or our on-premise applications) using our application programming interfaces ("API") or as computer files. Some of our data and reports can be purchased through our websites individually or in packages.
Most of our revenue comes from clients we contract with directly. We also license data, trademarks and related technology and support services to our Worldwide Network partners for exclusive distribution of our products to clients in their territories. We also license our data to our alliance partners who use the data to enhance their own products or enable it to be seamlessly delivered to their customers.
Revenue is net of any sales or indirect taxes collected from clients, which are subsequently remitted to government authorities.
Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognition
All our clients license our data and/or software applications. The license term is generally a minimum of 12 months and non-cancelable. If the client can benefit from the license only in conjunction with a related service, the license is not distinct and is combined with the other services as a single performance obligation.
We recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring promised licenses and or services underlying the performance obligation to the client. Some of our performance obligations are satisfied over time as the product is transferred to the client. Performance obligations which are not satisfied over time are satisfied at a point in time.
Determining whether the products and services in a contract are distinct and identifying the performance obligations requires judgment. When we assess contracts with clients we determine if the data we promise to transfer to the client is individually distinct or is combined with other licenses or services which together form a distinct product or service and a performance obligation. We also consider if we promise to transfer a specific quantity of data or provide unlimited access to data.
We determined that when clients can purchase a specified quantity of data based on their selection criteria and data layout, each data record is distinct and a performance obligation, satisfied on delivery. If we promise to update the initial data set at specified intervals, each update is a performance obligation, which we satisfy when the update data is delivered.
When we provide clients continuous access to the latest data using our API-based and online products, the client can consume and benefit from this content daily as we provide access to the data. We determined that for this type of offering our overall promise is a service of daily access to data which represents a single performance obligation satisfied over time. We recognize revenue ratably for this type of performance obligation.
Clients can purchase unlimited access to data in many of our products for the non-cancelable contract term. These contracts are priced based on their anticipated usage volume of the product and we have the right to increase the transaction price in the following contract year if usage in the current contract year exceeds certain prescribed limits. The limits are set at a level that the client is unlikely to exceed so in general, we fully constrain any variable consideration until it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. For these contracts the performance obligation is satisfied over time as we provide continuous access to the data. We recognize revenue ratably over the contract term.
For products sold under our annual and monthly discount plans the client receives a discount based on the amount they commit to spend annually, or the actual amount spent at the end of each monthly billing cycle. Each report or data packet
purchased is a separate performance obligation which is satisfied when the report or data packet is delivered. The client can also purchase a monitoring service on the report or data packet which is a performance obligation satisfied over time because the client benefits from the service as we monitor the data and provide alerts when the data changes. We recognize revenue ratably over the monitoring period.
In some contracts, including annual discount plans, the client commits to spend a fixed amount on the products. Breakage occurs if the client does not exercise all their purchasing rights under the contract. We recognize breakage at the end of the contract when the likelihood of the client exercising their remaining rights becomes remote.
Many of our contracts provide the client an option to purchase additional products. If the option provides the client a discount which is incremental to discounts typically given for those products, the contract provides the client a material right that it would not receive without entering into the contract. An amount of the transaction price is allocated to the material right performance obligation and is recognized when the client exercises the option or when the option expires.
We have long-term contracts with our Worldwide Network partners. These contracts are typically for an initial term of up to 10 years and automatically renew for further terms unless notice is given before the end of the initial or renewal term. We grant each partner the exclusive right to sell our products in the countries that constitute their territory. We provide them access to data, use of our brand and technology and other services and support necessary for them to sell our products and services in their territory. We determined this arrangement is a series of distinct services and represents a single performance obligation satisfied over time. These contracts contain multiple streams of consideration, some of which are fixed and some are variable. These variable amounts are allocated to the specific service period during which the sales or usage occurred if the variable amount is commensurate with the benefit to the client of the additional service and is consistent with our customary pricing practices. Otherwise the variable amount is accounted for as a change in the transaction price for the contract. We recognize revenue ratably for this performance obligation.
We license our data to our alliance partners. Most contracts specify the number of licensed records or data sets to be delivered. If the licenses are distinct, we satisfy them on delivery of the data. Contract consideration is often a sales or usage-based royalty, sometimes accompanied by a guaranteed minimum amount. Any fixed consideration is allocated to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price of the data. We apply the variable consideration exception for license revenue in the form of royalties when the license is the sole or predominant item to which the royalty relates. Royalty revenue is recognized when the later of the following events have occurred: (1) the subsequent sale or usage occurs or (2) the performance obligation to which some or all the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Our contracts with clients often include promises to transfer multiple performance obligations. For these contracts we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract on a relative standalone selling price basis. The standalone selling price is the price at which we would sell the promised service separately to a client. We use the observable price based on prices in contracts with similar clients in similar circumstances. When the standalone selling price is not directly observable from actual standalone sales, we estimate a standalone selling price making maximum use of any observable data and estimates of what a client in the market would be willing to pay for those goods or services.
We allocate variable consideration to a performance obligation or a distinct product if the terms of the variable payment relate specifically to our efforts to satisfy the performance obligation or transfer the distinct product and the allocation is consistent with the allocation objective. If these conditions are not met or the transaction price changes for other reasons after contract inception, we allocate the change on the same basis as at contract inception.
Contract Combinations and Modifications
Many of our clients have multiple contracts for various products. Contracts entered into at or near the same time with the same client are combined into a single contract when they are negotiated together with a single commercial objective or the contracts are related in other ways.
Contract modifications are accounted for as a separate contract if additional products are distinct and the transaction price increases by an amount that reflects the standalone selling prices of the additional products. Otherwise, we generally account for the modifications as if they were the termination of the existing contracts and creation of new contracts if the remaining products are distinct from the products transferred before the modification. The new transaction price is the unrecognized
revenue from the existing contracts plus the new consideration. This amount is allocated to the remaining performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling prices.
Restructuring Charges
Restructuring charges have been recorded in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 712-10, "Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits," or "ASC 712-10," and/or ASC 420-10, "Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations," or "ASC 420-10," as appropriate.
Right of use ("ROU") asset impairment charges and lease costs related to facilities we ceased to occupy are reflected in "Restructuring charges." Certain termination costs and obligations that do not meet the lease criteria are accounted for in accordance with ASC 420-10.
We record severance costs provided under an ongoing benefit arrangement once they are both probable and estimable in accordance with the provisions of ASC 712-10.
We account for one-time termination benefits and contract terminations in accordance with ASC 420-10, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for costs associated with restructuring activities. Under ASC 420-10, we establish a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity, including severance and other lease costs, when the liability is incurred, rather than at the date that we commit to an exit plan. We reassess the expected cost to complete the exit or disposal activities at the end of each reporting period and adjust our remaining estimated liabilities, if necessary.
The determination of when we accrue for severance costs and which standard applies depends on whether the termination benefits are provided under an ongoing arrangement as described in ASC 712-10 or under a one-time benefit arrangement as defined by ASC 420-10. Inherent in the estimation of the costs related to the restructuring activities are assessments related to the most likely expected outcome of the significant actions to accomplish the exit activities. In determining the charges related to the restructuring activities, we have to make estimates related to the expenses associated with the restructuring activities. These estimates may vary significantly from actual costs depending, in part, upon factors that may be beyond our control. We will continue to review the status of our restructuring obligations on a quarterly basis and, if appropriate, record changes to these obligations in current operations based on management’s most current estimates.
Leases
In accordance with Topic 842, at the inception of a contract, we assess whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract contains a lease if it conveys to us the right to control the use of property, plant and equipment (an identified asset). We control the identified asset if we have a right to substantially all the economic benefits from use of the asset and the right to direct its use for a period of time.
Most of our leases expire over the next eight years, with the majority expiring within two years. Leases may include options to early terminate the lease or renew at the end of the initial term. Generally, these lease terms do not affect the term of the lease because we are not reasonably certain that we will exercise our option.
We use the incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments because the implicit rate is generally not available to a lessee. We determine the incremental borrowing rate using an applicable reference rate (LIBOR or LIBOR equivalent or local currency swap rates) considering both currency and lease term, combined with our estimated borrowing spread for secured borrowings.
We recognize operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease payments may be fixed or variable. Only lease payments that are fixed, in-substance fixed or depend on a rate or index are included in determining the lease liability. Variable lease payments include payments made to the lessor for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the leased asset and are recognized as operating costs as incurred.
We apply certain practical expedients allowed by Topic 842. Lease payments for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not included in right of use assets or operating lease liabilities. Instead they are recognized as short term lease operating costs on a straight-line basis over the term. We have also elected not to separate lease and non-lease components for certain equipment leases. Additionally, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for lease ROU assets and liabilities.
Employee Benefit Plans
We provide various defined benefit plans to our employees as well as health care benefits to our retired employees. We use actuarial assumptions to calculate pension and benefit costs as well as pension assets and liabilities included in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 11.
Legal Contingencies
We are involved in legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business for which we believe we have adequate reserves, and such reserves are not material to the consolidated financial statements. In addition, from time to time we may be involved in additional matters which could become material and for which we may also establish reserve amounts as discussed in Note 9. We record a liability when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and we can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. For such matters where management believes a liability is not probable but is reasonably possible, a liability is not recorded; instead, an estimate of loss or range of loss, if material individually or in the aggregate, is disclosed if reasonably estimable, or a statement will be made that an estimate of loss cannot be made. As additional information becomes available, we adjust our assessment and estimates of such liabilities accordingly.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all investments purchased with an initial term from the date of purchase by the Company to maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. These instruments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.
Accounts Receivable Trade and Contract Assets
We classify the right to consideration in exchange for products or services transferred to a client as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional. Receivables include amounts billed and currently due from clients.
A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sale of long-term contracts when the revenue exceeds the amount billed to the client, and the right to payment is not subject to the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value.
Accounts Receivable Allowances
In order to determine an estimate of expected credit losses, receivables are segmented based on similar risk characteristics including historical credit loss patterns and industry or class of customers to calculate reserve rates. The Company uses an aging method for developing its allowance for credit losses by which receivable balances are stratified based on aging category. A reserve rate is calculated for each aging category which is generally based on historical information. The reserve rate is adjusted, when necessary, for current conditions (e.g., macroeconomic or industry related) and forecasts about the future. The Company also considers customer specific information (e.g., bankruptcy or financial difficulty) when estimating its expected credit losses, as well as the economic environment of the customers, both from an industry and geographic perspective, in evaluating the need for allowances.
Expected credit losses are added to the accounts receivable allowance. Actual uncollectible account write-offs are recorded against the allowance.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, except for property, plant and equipment that have been impaired for which the carrying amount is reduced to the estimated fair value at the impairment date. Property, plant and equipment are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Our headquarters building and related site improvements are depreciated over a period of 53 years and 14 years, respectively. See Note 17. Equipment, including furniture, is depreciated over a period of three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement.
Computer Software
Computer software includes capitalized software development costs for various computer software applications for internal use, including systems which support our databases and common business services and processes (back-end systems), our financial and administrative systems (back-office systems) and systems which we use to deliver our information solutions to clients (client-facing systems). Computer software also includes purchased software and software recognized in connection with acquisitions.
Costs incurred during a software development project’s preliminary stage and post-implementation stage are expensed as incurred. Development activities that are eligible for capitalization include software design and configuration, development of interfaces, coding, testing, and installation. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated lives which range from three to eight years, beginning when the related software is ready for its intended use.
We enter into cloud computing arrangements to access third party software without taking possession of the software. We assess development activities required to implement such services and defer certain implementation costs directly related to the hosted software that would be eligible for capitalization for internal-use software projects. Deferred implementation costs related to these service arrangements do not qualify as capitalized software and are required to be expensed over the term of the service arrangement, beginning when the implementation activities, including testing, are substantially completed and the related software is operational for users.
We periodically reassess the estimated useful lives of our computer software considering our overall technology strategy, the effects of obsolescence, technology, competition and other economic factors on the useful life of these assets.
Computer software and deferred implementation costs are tested for impairment along with other long-lived assets (See Impairment of Long-Lived Assets below).
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized and are tested for impairment at least annually at December 31 and more often if an event occurs or circumstances change which indicate it is more likely than not that fair value is less than carrying amount. If a qualitative assessment identifies that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an additional quantitative evaluation is performed. The annual impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets may be completed through qualitative assessments. We may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a quantitative impairment test for goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets in any period. We may resume the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset in any subsequent period.
Goodwill
We assess recoverability of goodwill at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment which is a business and for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed by a segment manager. Our reporting units are Finance & Risk and Sales & Marketing within the North America segment, and U.K., Europe, Greater China, India and our WWN alliances within the International segment.
For the qualitative goodwill impairment test, we analyze actual and projected reporting unit growth trends for revenue and profits, as well as historical performance. We also assess critical factors that may have an impact on the reporting units, including macroeconomic conditions, market-related exposures, regulatory environment, cost factors, changes in the carrying amount of net assets, any plans to dispose of all or part of the reporting unit, and other reporting unit specific factors such as changes in key personnel, strategy, customers or competition. In addition, we assess whether the market value of the Company compared to the book amounts are indicative of an impairment.
For the quantitative goodwill impairment test, we determine the fair value of our reporting units based on the market approach and also in certain instances using the income approach to further validate our results. Under the market approach, we estimate the fair value based on market multiples of current year EBITDA for each individual reporting unit. We use judgment in identifying the relevant comparable company market multiples (e.g., recent divestitures or acquisitions, facts and circumstances surrounding the market, dominance, growth rate, etc.). For the income approach, we use the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. The projected cash flows are based on management’s most recent
view of the long-term outlook for each reporting unit. Factors specific to each reporting unit could include revenue growth, profit margins, terminal value, capital expenditure projections, assumed tax rates, discount rates and other assumptions deemed reasonable by management.
An impairment charge is recorded if a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. The impairment charge is also limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. An impairment charge, if any, is recorded as an operating cost in the period that the impairment is identified.
For 2022, 2021 and 2020, we performed qualitative tests for each of our reporting units and the results of our tests indicated that it was not more likely than not that the goodwill in any reporting unit was impaired.
See Note 18 for further detail on goodwill by segment.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Under the qualitative approach, we perform impairment tests for indefinite-lived intangible assets based on macroeconomic and market conditions, industry considerations, overall performance and other relevant factors. If we elect to bypass the qualitative assessment for any indefinite-lived intangible asset, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the estimated carrying amount of such asset exceeds its fair value, we proceed to a quantitative approach.
Under the quantitative approach, we estimate the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and compare it to its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The estimated fair value is determined primarily using income approach based on the expected present value of the projected cash flows of the assets.
Our indefinite-lived intangible assets are primarily related to the Dun & Bradstreet trade name which was recognized in connection with the Take-Private Transaction. As a result of the impairment tests performed using quantitative approach, no impairment charges for indefinite-lived intangible assets have been recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
Other amortizable intangible assets are recognized in connection with acquisitions. They are amortized over their respective useful life, based on the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets. Definite-lived intangible assets are also assessed for impairment. Below is a summary of weighted average amortization period for intangible assets at December 31, 2022.
| Weighted average amortization period (years) | ||||||||
| Intangible assets: | ||||||||
| Reacquired right | 15 | |||||||
| Database | 17 | |||||||
| Customer relationships | 17 | |||||||
| Technology | 10 | |||||||
| Partnership agreements | 14 | |||||||
| Trademark | 2 | |||||||
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, right of use assets, internal-use software and other intangible assets held for use, are tested for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset group that includes these assets is not recoverable. An asset group is the lowest level for which its cash flows are independent of the cash flows of other asset groups. The carrying value of an asset group is considered unrecoverable if the carrying value exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. The impairment loss is measured by the difference between the carrying value of the asset group and its fair value. We generally estimate the fair value of an asset group using an income approach or quoted market price, whichever is applicable.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions. In determining our consolidated provision for income taxes for financial statement purposes, we must make certain estimates and judgments. These estimates and judgments affect the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred tax assets and the calculation of certain tax liabilities, which arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense and net operating losses.
In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including our past operating results, as applicable, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years and our forecast of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income, we develop assumptions, including the amount of future pre-tax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses.
We currently have recorded valuation allowances in certain jurisdictions that we will maintain until it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will be realized. Our income tax expense recorded in the future may be reduced to the extent of decreases in our valuation allowances. The realization of our remaining deferred tax assets is primarily dependent on future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction. Any reduction in future taxable income may require that we record an additional valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. An increase in the valuation allowance could result in additional income tax expense in such period and could have a significant impact on our future earnings.
Changes in tax laws and rates could also affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future. Management records the effect of a tax rate or law change on our deferred tax assets and liabilities in the period of enactment. Future tax rate or law changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Foreign Currency Translation
For all operations outside the United States where the local currency is the functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated using the end-of-year exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated using monthly average exchange rates. For those countries where the local currency is the functional currency, translation adjustments are accumulated in a separate component of stockholder equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in earnings in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Earnings Per Share ("EPS") of Common Stock
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of our outstanding stock incentive awards. In the case of a net loss, the dilutive effect of the awards outstanding are not included in the computation of the diluted loss per share as the effect of including these shares in the calculation would be anti-dilutive. The dilutive effect of awards outstanding under the stock incentive plans reflected in diluted earnings per share was calculated under the treasury stock method.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is determined based on the grant date fair value and recognized over the award's vesting period. For restricted stock, grant date fair value is based on the closing price of our stock on the date of grant. For stock options with service condition, we estimate the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For stock options with market condition, we estimate grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo valuation model. We recognize forfeitures and the corresponding reductions in expense as they occur.
Subsequent to the Take-Private Transaction, our common stock was not publicly traded for a period of time. Thus, estimating grant date fair value prior to the IPO required us to make assumptions including stock price, expected time to liquidity, expected volatility and discount for lack of marketability. The fair value of the underlying shares prior to the IPO was determined contemporaneously with the grants. For our 2019 pre-IPO grants, we determined stock price per unit equal to the closing price of our Class A equity unit price on February 8, 2019, also the closing date of the Take-Private Transaction.
Approximately 94% of the units issued in 2019 were granted in February and March 2019 and almost all of the rest were granted by June 2019. As these grant dates were shortly after the Take-Private Transaction and there were no indications that the value of our Company changed, we believe the Take-Private Transaction date price approximates our fair value on each of the grant dates.
Our stock-based compensation programs are described more fully in Note 12.
Financial Instruments
From time to time we use financial instruments to manage our exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. The use of these financial instruments modifies our exposure to these risks in order to minimize the potential negative impact and/or to reduce the volatility that these risks may have on our financial results. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
We employ established policies and procedures to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign currencies. We use foreign exchange forward and option contracts to hedge certain short-term foreign currency denominated loans and third-party and intercompany transactions. We also use cross-currency swaps to hedge our net investments in our foreign subsidiaries. In addition, we use interest rate derivatives to hedge a portion of the interest rate exposure on our outstanding debt or in anticipation of a future debt issuance.
We recognize all such financial instruments on the balance sheet at their fair values, as either assets or liabilities, with an offset to earnings or other comprehensive earnings, depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of an effective hedge transaction and, if it is, the type of hedge transaction. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, certain of our derivative instruments meet hedge accounting criteria and are designated as one of the following on the date it is entered into:
Cash Flow Hedge - A hedge of the exposure to variability in the cash flows of a recognized asset, liability or a forecasted transaction. For qualifying cash flow hedges, the changes in fair value of hedging instruments are reported as Other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI") and are reclassified to earnings in the same line item associated with the hedged item when the hedged item impacts earnings.
Net Investment Hedge - A hedge of the exposure to changes in the value of the net investment in a foreign operation that could occur as a result of changes in foreign exchange rates between a foreign operation’s local currency and the Company’s reporting currency. For qualifying net investment hedges, the changes in fair value of hedging instruments are reported as cumulative translation adjustment ("CTA"), a component of OCI, and remain in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") until the hedged net investment is sold or substantially liquidated.
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items for a derivative to qualify as a hedge at inception and throughout the hedged period, and we have documented policies for managing our exposures. Derivative financial instruments qualifying for hedge accounting must maintain a specified level of effectiveness between the hedge instrument and the item being hedged. The hedge accounting effectiveness is monitored on an ongoing basis, and if considered ineffective, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. If a hedging instrument is not designated as a hedge or ceases to qualify as a hedge in accordance with hedge accounting guidelines, any subsequent gains and losses are recognized currently in income. See Note 14 for further discussion.
Fair Value Measurements
We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value, including purchase accounting applied to assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination and long-lived assets that are written down to fair value when they are impaired. We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations. This method requires us to allocate the cost of the acquisition to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on the estimates of fair value for such items, including intangible assets and technology acquired. The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. We define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (in either case an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The inputs used to measure fair value are prioritized based on a three-level hierarchy. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
| Level Input | Input Definition | ||||
| Level I | Observable inputs utilizing quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. | ||||
| Level II | Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date. | ||||
| Level III | Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. | ||||
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. In the absence of active markets for the identical assets or liabilities, such measurements involve developing assumptions based on market observable data and, in the absence of such data, internal information that is consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction that occurs at the measurement date. The determination of fair value often requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions such as determining an appropriate discount rate that factors in both risk and liquidity premiums, identifying the similarities and differences in market transactions, weighting those differences accordingly and then making the appropriate adjustments to those market transactions to reflect the risks specific to our assets and liabilities being valued. Other significant assumptions include us projecting future cash flows related to revenues and expenses based on our business plans and outlook which can be significantly impacted by our future growth opportunities, general market environment and geographic sentiment. We may use third-party valuation consultants to assist in the determination of such estimates. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein may not necessarily be indicative of amounts we could realize in a current market sale.
Note 3 — Recent Accounting Pronouncements
We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) and applicable authoritative guidance. The ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have an immaterial impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740)." The amendments in this Update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. We adopted this update as of January 1, 2021. This update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers." The amendments require an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination based on the guidance of ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" rather than fair value. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption of this ASU is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If early adopted, the amendments are applied retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurred during the fiscal year of adoption. We early adopted this update during the fourth quarter of 2021. As a result of the adoption of this update, no fair value adjustments were made to the acquired deferred revenue balances for acquisitions completed in 2021. See Note 16 for further detail.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 "Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting" to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to alternative reference rates. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform - Scope,” which clarified the scope and application of the original guidance in ASU No. 2020-04. On December 21,
2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06 which extends the transition date to December 31, 2024. We adopted this update during the fourth quarter of 2022. This update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Note 4 — Revenue
The total amount of the transaction price for our revenue contracts allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Future revenue | $ | 1,301.7 | $ | 630.0 | $ | 339.7 | $ | 184.9 | $ | 109.2 | $ | 335.9 | $ | 2,901.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The table of future revenue does not include any amount of variable consideration that is a sales or usage-based royalty in exchange for distinct data licenses or that is allocated to a distinct service period within a single performance obligation that is a series of distinct service periods.
Timing of Revenue Recognition
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue recognized at a point in time | $ | 925.0 | $ | 931.8 | $ | 762.7 | |||||||||||
| Revenue recognized over time | 1,299.6 | 1,233.8 | 976.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenue recognized | $ | 2,224.6 | $ | 2,165.6 | $ | 1,738.7 | |||||||||||
Contract Balances
| At December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | 271.6 | $ | 401.7 | $ | 319.3 | |||||||||||
Short-term contract assets (1) | $ | 6.2 | $ | 3.4 | $ | 0.7 | |||||||||||
Long-term contract assets (2) | $ | 5.6 | $ | 9.1 | $ | 3.8 | |||||||||||
| Short-term deferred revenue | $ | 563.1 | $ | 569.4 | $ | 477.2 | |||||||||||
Long-term deferred revenue (3) | $ | 13.9 | $ | 13.7 | $ | 14.6 | |||||||||||
(1) Included within other current assets in the consolidated balance sheet
(2) Included within other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheet
(3) Included within other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet
The decrease in accounts receivable of $130.1 million from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 was primarily due to the accounts receivable securitization facility agreement the Company entered in September 2022. See Note 7 for more detailed discussion.
The decrease in deferred revenue of $6.1 million from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 was primarily due to $496.4 million of revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2021, largely offset by cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying our performance obligations.
The increase in deferred revenue of $91.3 million from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021 was primarily due to cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying our performance obligations, and the acquisition of Bisnode, largely offset by approximately $428.9 million of revenue recognized that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2020. See Note 16 for further discussion with regard to the acquisition of Bisnode.
The increase in contract assets of $8.0 million from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021 was primarily due to new contract assets recognized, net of new amounts reclassified to receivables during 2021, largely offset by $2.1 million of contract assets included in the balance at December 31, 2020 that were reclassified to receivables when they became unconditional.
See Note 18 for a schedule providing a further disaggregation of revenue.
Assets Recognized for the Costs to Obtain a Contract
Commission assets, net of accumulated amortization included in deferred costs in the consolidated balance sheet, was $143.7 million and $116.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
The amortization of commission assets, reported in selling and administrative expenses within the consolidated income statement, was $37.2 million, $27.1 million and $17.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Note 5 — Restructuring Charges
We incurred restructuring charges (which generally consist of employee severance and termination costs, and contract terminations). These charges were incurred as a result of eliminating, consolidating, standardizing and/or automating our business functions.
We recorded a restructuring charge of $20.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This charge consists of:
•Severance costs of $14.0 million under ongoing benefit arrangements. Approximately 270 employees were impacted. Most of the employees impacted exited the Company by the end of 2022. The cash payments for these employees will be substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2023; and
•Contract termination, write down of right of use assets and other exit costs, including those to consolidate or close facilities of $6.5 million.
We recorded a restructuring charge of $25.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This charge consists of:
•Severance costs of $18.9 million under ongoing benefit arrangements. Approximately 190 employees were impacted. Most of the employees impacted exited the Company by the end of 2021. The cash payments for these employees were substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2022; and
•Contract termination, write down of right of use assets and other exit costs, including those to consolidate or close facilities of $6.2 million.
We recorded a restructuring charge of $37.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This charge consists of:
•Severance costs of $9.9 million under ongoing benefit arrangements. Approximately 165 employees were impacted. Most of the employees impacted exited the Company by the end of 2020. The cash payments for these employees were substantially completed by the end of the second quarter of 2021; and
•Contract termination, impairment of right of use assets and other exit costs, including those to consolidate or close facilities of $27.4 million.
The following table sets forth the restructuring reserves and utilization:
Severance and termination | Contract termination and other exit costs | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Balance remaining as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 5.8 | $ | 4.5 | $ | 10.3 | |||||||||||
Charge taken during 2020 (1) | 9.9 | 5.9 | 15.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments made during 2020 | (13.1) | (3.3) | (16.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance remaining as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 2.6 | $ | 7.1 | $ | 9.7 | |||||||||||
Charge taken during 2021 (1) | 18.9 | — | 18.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments made during 2021 | (16.8) | (3.8) | (20.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance remaining as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 4.7 | $ | 3.3 | $ | 8.0 | |||||||||||
Charge taken during 2022 (1) | 14.0 | 1.9 | 15.9 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments made during 2022 | (13.9) | (3.0) | (16.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance remaining as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 4.8 | $ | 2.2 | $ | 7.0 | |||||||||||
(1)Balance excludes charges accounted for under Topic 842.
Note 6 — Notes Payable and Indebtedness
Our borrowings are summarized in the following table:
| At December 31, 2022 | At December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maturity | Principal amount | Debt issuance costs and discount* | Carrying value | Principal amount | Debt issuance costs and discount* | Carrying value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt maturing within one year: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2026 Term loan (1) | February 8, 2026 | $ | 28.1 | $ | — | $ | 28.1 | $ | 28.1 | $ | — | $ | 28.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2029 Term Loan (1) | January 18, 2029 | 4.6 | — | 4.6 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term debt | $ | 32.7 | $ | — | $ | 32.7 | $ | 28.1 | $ | — | $ | 28.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt maturing after one year: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2026 Term loan (1) | February 8, 2026 | $ | 2,651.7 | $ | 49.2 | $ | 2,602.5 | $ | 2,754.8 | $ | 64.5 | $ | 2,690.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2029 Term Loan (1) | January 18, 2029 | 451.9 | 6.5 | 445.4 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revolving facility (1) (2) | September 11, 2025 | 50.3 | — | 50.3 | 160.0 | — | 160.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5.000% Senior unsecured notes (1) | December 15, 2029 | 460.0 | 6.0 | 454.0 | 460.0 | 6.8 | 453.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6.875% Senior secured notes (1) | Fully paid off in January 2022 | — | — | — | 420.0 | 6.8 | 413.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | $ | 3,613.9 | $ | 61.7 | $ | 3,552.2 | $ | 3,794.8 | $ | 78.1 | $ | 3,716.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | $ | 3,646.6 | $ | 61.7 | $ | 3,584.9 | $ | 3,822.9 | $ | 78.1 | $ | 3,744.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
*Represents the unamortized portion of debt issuance costs and discounts.
(1) The 5.000% Senior Unsecured Notes, the 6.875% Senior Secured Notes and the Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain certain covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness, create liens, engage in mergers or acquisitions, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions or repurchase capital stock, prepay certain indebtedness and make investments, loans and advances. We were in compliance with these non-financial covenants at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
(2) The Revolving Facility contains a springing financial covenant requiring compliance with a maximum ratio of first lien net indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA of 6.75. The financial covenant applies only if the aggregate principal amount of borrowings under the Revolving Facility and certain outstanding letters of credit exceeds 35% of the total amount of commitments under the Revolving Facility on the last day of any fiscal quarter. The financial covenant did not apply at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Senior Notes
5.000% Senior unsecured notes
On December 20, 2021, we issued $460 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.000% Senior Unsecured Notes due December 15, 2029. The proceeds from the issuance of Senior Unsecured Notes and cash on hand were used to fund the full redemption of the then-existing $450 million in aggregate principal amount of our 10.250% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027, inclusive of an early redemption premium of $29.5 million, accrued interest and other fees and expenses. As a result of the redemption, we recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $42.0 million as the difference between the settlement payments of $479.5 million and the carrying amount of the debt of $437.5 million, including unamortized debt issuance costs of $12.5 million. The loss was recorded within “Non-operating income (expense)-net” for the year ended December 31, 2021. Initial debt issuance costs of $6.9 million related to the 5.000% Senior Unsecured Notes were recorded as a reduction of the carrying amount of the notes and will be amortized over the contractual term of the notes.
6.875% Senior secured notes
On February 8, 2019, we issued $700 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2026. Subsequently, we have partially repaid the obligation and at December 31, 2021 the aggregate principal outstanding balance was $420 million. On January 18, 2022, we repaid the remaining obligation, including $420 million in aggregate principal amount, early redemption premium of $16.3 million, accrued interest and fees and expenses. As a result of the redemption, we recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $23.0 million as the difference between the settlement payments of $436.3 million and the carrying amount of the debt of $413.3 million, including unamortized debt issuance costs of $6.7 million. The loss was recorded within "Non-operating income (expense)-net" for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
On February 8, 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement governing its Senior Secured Credit Facilities (the "Senior Secured Credit Facilities"). Subsequently, the credit agreement has been amended several times. Currently, the Senior Secured Credit Facilities consist of a senior secured term loan facility and a senior secured revolving credit facility. Our senior secured term loan facility includes a seven-year senior secured term loan with a maturity date of February 8, 2026 ("2026 Term Loan"), and a seven-year senior secured term loan with a maturity date of January 18, 2029 ("2029 Term Loan"). Our five-year senior secured revolving credit facility has a maturity date of September 11, 2025.
On January 27, 2021, we amended our credit agreement dated February 8, 2019, specifically related to the Term Loan Facility to reduce the applicable margin for the term loan facility by 0.50% overall, resulting in a margin spread of LIBOR plus 3.25% per annum or the applicable base rate plus 2.25% per annum and establish a 0.25% step down in the applicable margin if the Company maintains a rating of at least B+ from Standard & Poor’s Investors Ratings Services and receives at least B1 from Moody’s Investors Service.
On January 18, 2022, we amended our credit agreement dated February 8, 2019, specifically related to the Term Loan Facility, to establish Incremental Term Loans, or the 2029 Term Loan, in an aggregate principal amount of $460 million with a maturity date of January 18, 2029. Initial debt issuance costs of $7.4 million related to the 2029 Term Loan were recorded as a reduction of the carrying amount of the term loan and will be amortized over its contractual term. We used the proceeds from the 2029 Term Loans to redeem our then-outstanding 6.875% Senior Secured Note. See discussion above under "Senior Notes" within this Note 6.
Borrowings under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin over a LIBOR or Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, subject to interest rate floors, and they are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. Initial debt issuance costs related to the Term Loan facility were recorded as a reduction of the carrying amount of the Term Loan Facility and are being amortized over the term of the facility. Initial debt issuance costs related to the Revolving Facility were included in "Other non-current assets" on the consolidated balance sheet and amortized over the term of the Revolving Facility.
Other details of the Senior Secured Credit Facilities:
•For the 2029 Term Loan, beginning June 30, 2022, the principal amount is required to be paid down in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 1.00% of the original principal amount, with the balance being payable on January 18, 2029. The 2029 Incremental Term Loan bears interest at a rate per annum equal to 325
basis points over a SOFR rate for the interest period. The interest rate associated with the outstanding balance of the 2029 Term Loan at December 31, 2022 was 7.573%.
•For the 2026 Term Loan, beginning June 30, 2020, the principal amount is required to be paid down in equal quarterly installments in an aggregate annual amount equal to 1.00% of the original principal amount, with the balance being payable on February 8, 2026. On September 15, 2022, we paid down an additional $75 million to reduce the borrowing of the 2026 Term Loan. The margin to LIBOR was 500 basis points initially. Several amendments were made subsequently to reduce the margin to LIBOR. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the spread was 325 basis points. The interest rates associated with the outstanding balances of the 2026 Term Loan at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were 7.639% and 3.352%, respectively.
• For borrowings under the Revolving Facility, the margin to LIBOR was 350 basis points initially. Subsequent to the IPO transaction, the spread was reduced by 25 basis points to 325 basis points, subject to a ratio-based pricing grid. The aggregate amount available under the Revolving Facility is $850 million. The available borrowings under the Revolving Facility at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $799.7 million and $690.0 million, respectively. The interest rates associated with the outstanding balances of the Revolving Facility at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were 7.574% and 3.104%, respectively.
Below table sets forth the scheduled maturities and interest payments for our total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2022:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt principal outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 32.7 | $ | 32.7 | $ | 83.0 | $ | 2,600.1 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 893.5 | $ | 3,646.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest associated with debt outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | 265.3 | 262.8 | 259.2 | 77.5 | 56.2 | 80.4 | 1,001.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt and interest | $ | 298.0 | $ | 295.5 | $ | 342.2 | $ | 2,677.6 | $ | 60.8 | $ | 973.9 | $ | 4,648.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other
We were contingently liable under open standby letters of credit and bank guarantees issued by our banks in favor of third parties totaling $11.8 million at December 31, 2022 and $13.5 million at December 31, 2021.
We entered into interest rate swaps and cross currency interest rate swaps, with various maturity dates, in order to manage the impact of interest rate changes. As of December 31, 2022, we had interest rate swap contracts and cross-currency interest rate contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $1,250 million and $375 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we had interest rate swap contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $1,000 million. See Note 14 for more detailed discussion.
Note 7 — Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility
In September 2022, the Company entered into a three-year revolving securitization facility agreement to transfer customer receivables of one of our U.S. subsidiaries (“Originator”) through our bankruptcy-remote subsidiary (“SPE”) to a third-party financial institution (“Purchaser”) on a recurring basis in exchange for cash equal to the gross receivables transferred. The facility had initial monthly drawing limits ranging from $160 million to $215 million, and was subsequently modified to $170 million to $215 million in December 2022. Transfers of our U.S. accounts receivable from the SPE to the Purchaser are accounted for as a sale of financial assets, and the accounts receivable are derecognized from the consolidated financial statements, as the SPE transfers effective control and risk associated with the transferred accounts receivable. Other than collection and administrative responsibilities, the Company and related subsidiaries have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable. The accounts receivable, once sold, are no longer available to satisfy creditors of the Company or the related subsidiaries in the event of bankruptcy. These sales are transacted at the face value of the relevant accounts receivable. The future outstanding balance of trade receivables that will be sold is expected to vary based on the level of activity and other factors. The receivables sold are fully guaranteed by the SPE that also pledges further accounts receivable as collateral under this agreement. The Company controls and therefore consolidates the SPE in its consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The Company derecognized accounts receivable of $491.7 million and collected $491.7 million of accounts receivable sold under this agreement during the year ended December 31, 2022. Unsold accounts receivable of $123.5 million were pledged by the SPE as collateral to the Purchaser as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, recourse liability related to the receivables sold that have not been collected was immaterial.
Fees incurred for the facility, including fees for administrative responsibilities, during the year ended December 31, 2022 were $3.8 million and have been reflected within "Non-operating income (expense) – net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Cash activity related to the Facility is reflected in "Net cash provided by operating activities" in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Note 8 — Leases
The right of use assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases included in our balance sheet are as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Right of use assets included in other non-current assets | $ | 53.1 | $ | 71.9 | |||||||
| Short-term operating lease liabilities included in other accrued and current liabilities | $ | 17.7 | $ | 26.0 | |||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities included in other non-current liabilities | 43.9 | 59.4 | |||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 61.6 | $ | 85.4 | |||||||
We recognized $5.9 million and $33.6 million for both right of use assets and lease liabilities related to new operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. New leases recognized in 2021 were primarily related to acquired assets in connection with acquisitions during 2021.
The operating lease cost, supplemental cash flow and other information, and maturity analysis for leases is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating lease costs | $ | 21.4 | $ | 28.1 | $ | 26.9 | |||||||||||
| Variable lease costs | 5.8 | 5.1 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease costs | 1.3 | 1.6 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Sublease income | (3.4) | (2.4) | (0.8) | ||||||||||||||
| Total lease costs | $ | 25.1 | $ | 32.4 | $ | 29.6 | |||||||||||
We recorded an impairment charge of $2.6 million, $1.9 million and $17.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, our decision to shift our workforce model to a hybrid model working remotely in the United States and certain international markets.
Cash paid for operating leases is included in operating cash flows and was $30.2 million, $36.8 million and $28.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
We entered into equipment finance lease agreements on December 21, 2022 and recognized $4.1 million for both right of use assets and lease liabilities reported within "Property, plant and equipment" and "Other accrued and current liabilities", respectively, as of December 31, 2022. The liabilities of $4.1 million were fully paid off in January 2023. Remaining finance leases as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were immaterial.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The maturity analysis for operating lease liabilities is as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | |||||
| 2023 | $ | 20.5 | |||
| 2024 | 15.7 | ||||
| 2025 | 13.6 | ||||
| 2026 | 10.4 | ||||
| 2027 | 5.2 | ||||
| Thereafter | 3.3 | ||||
| Undiscounted cash flows | 68.7 | ||||
| Less imputed interest | 7.1 | ||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 61.6 | |||
Other supplemental information on remaining lease term and discount rate is as follows:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) | 4.1 | 4.3 | |||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | 5.1 | % | 5.0 | % | |||||||
Note 9 — Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various pending and threatened litigation and regulatory matters related to our operations, such as claims brought by our clients in connection with commercial disputes, defamation claims by subjects of our reporting, and employment claims made by our current or former employees, some of which include claims for punitive or exemplary damages. Our ordinary course litigation may also include class action lawsuits, which make allegations related to various aspects of our business. From time to time, we are also subject to regulatory investigations or other proceedings by state and federal regulatory authorities as well as authorities outside of the U.S., some of which take the form of civil investigative demands or subpoenas. Some of these regulatory inquiries may result in the assessment of fines for violations of regulations or settlements with such authorities requiring a variety of remedies. We believe that none of these actions depart from customary litigation or regulatory inquiries incidental to our business.
We review lawsuits and other legal and regulatory matters (collectively "legal proceedings") on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions. When assessing reasonably possible and probable outcomes, management bases its decision on its assessment of the ultimate outcome assuming all appeals have been exhausted. For legal proceedings where it has been determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability based on known facts and which represents our best estimate has been recorded. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded and the ultimate outcome of our pending cases is generally not yet determinable.
While some of these matters could be material to our operating results or cash flows for any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, at present we do not believe the ultimate resolution of currently pending legal proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
In addition, in the normal course of business, and including without limitation, our merger and acquisition activities, strategic relationships and financing transactions, the Company indemnifies other parties, including clients, lessors and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. We have agreed to hold the other parties harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or arising out of other claims made against certain parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. The Company has also entered into indemnity obligations with its officers and directors.
Federal Trade Commission Consent Agreement
On April 10, 2018, the Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC" or the "Commission") issued a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) to Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. ("D&B Inc.," a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company) related to an investigation by the
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
FTC into potential violations of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (the "FTC Act"), primarily concerning our credit managing and monitoring products such as CreditBuilder. D&B Inc. completed its response to the CID in November 2018. On May 28, 2019, the FTC staff informed D&B Inc. that it believes that certain of D&B’s practices violated Section 5 of the FTC Act, and informed D&B Inc. that it had been given authority by the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection to engage in consent negotiations. Following discussions between the Company and the FTC staff, on September 9, 2019, the FTC issued a second CID seeking additional information, data and documents. The Company completed its response to the second CID in April 2020. In a letter dated March 2, 2020, the FTC staff identified areas of interest related to the CIDs and we completed our responses to the letter on April 7, 2020. On April 20, 2020, the FTC and D&B Inc. entered a tolling agreement with respect to potential claims related to the subject matter of the investigation. On February 23, 2021, the FTC staff provided D&B Inc. with a draft complaint and consent order outlining its allegations and the forms of relief sought, and advised that it had been given authority to engage in consent negotiations. Following consent negotiations, on September 21, 2021, D&B Inc. agreed to enter into an Agreement Containing Consent Order ("Consent Agreement"). On January 13, 2022, the FTC informed the Company that the Commission had voted to accept the Consent Agreement. On January 19, 2022, the Consent Agreement was published in the Federal Register, triggering a 30-day public comment period that ended on February 18, 2022. The Consent Agreement remains subject to final approval by the Commission following the public comment period. On April 6, 2022, the Commission finalized approval of the Consent Agreement. On May 27, 2022, the Company completed sending notices and refund checks required by the Consent Agreement. Refund-eligible customers had 30 days from the date of their notice (or, in the event of returned mail, the date of the remailed notice) to elect a refund, and the Company can void any uncashed checks after 187 days. All refunds have been issued.
In accordance with ASC 450, an accrual in respect to this matter was included in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.
Right of Publicity Class Actions
DeBose v. Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc., No. 2:22-cv-00209-ES-CLW (D.N.J.)
On January 17, 2022, Plaintiff Rashad DeBose filed a Class Action Complaint against the Company, alleging that the Company used the purported class members’ names and personas to promote paid subscriptions to the Company’s Hoovers product website without consent, in violation of the Ohio right of publicity statute and Ohio common law prohibiting misappropriation of a name or likeness. On March 30, 2022, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the Complaint. The motion was briefed, and in November 2022 the Court requested supplemental briefing. Supplemental briefing was completed in January 2023. The Court has not yet set a date for oral argument. Discovery has commenced.
In accordance with ASC 450 Contingencies, as the Company is in the very early stage of investigating the claims and is still evaluating the claims and its defenses, we therefore have no basis to determine that a loss in connection with this matter is probable, reasonably possible or estimable, and thus no reserve has been established nor has a range of loss been disclosed. While this matter is in a very early stage, as it is a potential class action, in an abundance of caution, we have included it in our public filings.
Batis v. Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc., No. 4:22-cv-01924-AGT (N.D.Cal.)
On March 25, 2022, Plaintiff Odette R. Batis filed a Class Action Complaint against the Company, alleging that the Company used the purported class members’ names and personas to promote paid subscriptions to the Company’s Hoovers product website without consent, in violation of the California right of publicity statute, California common law prohibiting misappropriation of a name or likeness and California’s Unfair Competition Law. On June 30, 2022, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the Complaint pursuant to California’s anti-SLAPP statute. On February 9, 2023, the Court issued an opinion and order denying the Company’s pending motion to dismiss the Complaint. The initial case management conference has been adjourned until March 17, 2023.
In accordance with ASC 450 Contingencies, as the Company is in the very early stage of investigating the claims and is still evaluating the claims and its defenses, we therefore have no basis to determine that a loss in connection with this matter is probable, reasonably possible or estimable, and thus no reserve has been established nor has a range of loss been disclosed. While this matter is in a very early stage, as it is a potential class action, in an abundance of caution, we have included it in our public filings.
Note 10 — Income Taxes
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes consisted of:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | (266.6) | $ | (266.0) | $ | (401.1) | |||||||||||
| Non-U.S | 239.4 | 220.8 | 174.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates | $ | (27.2) | $ | (45.2) | $ | (226.4) | |||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Current tax provision: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Federal | $ | 62.8 | $ | 56.9 | $ | (29.9) | |||||||||||
| State and local | 11.8 | 13.8 | 7.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. | 49.3 | 40.1 | 28.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Total current tax provision | $ | 123.9 | $ | 110.8 | $ | 5.3 | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax provision: | |||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Federal | $ | (94.1) | $ | (92.6) | $ | (100.7) | |||||||||||
| State and local | (42.8) | 15.1 | (16.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. | (15.8) | (9.9) | (0.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax provision | $ | (152.7) | $ | (87.4) | $ | (117.7) | |||||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for income taxes | $ | (28.8) | $ | 23.4 | $ | (112.4) | |||||||||||
The following table summarizes the significant differences between the U.S. Federal statutory tax rate and our effective tax rate for financial statement purposes:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | |||||||||||
State and local taxes, net of U.S. Federal tax benefits (1) | 123.2 | (58.0) | 5.7 | ||||||||||||||
Nondeductible charges (2) | (34.0) | (5.3) | (1.2) | ||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of make-whole derivative liability (3) | — | — | (3.0) | ||||||||||||||
| U.S. taxes on foreign income | (11.3) | (9.5) | (0.9) | ||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. taxes (5) | 65.7 | 23.2 | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | (2.4) | (2.9) | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest | (0.5) | 0.5 | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||
Tax credits and deductions (5) | 32.6 | 30.4 | 6.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Tax contingencies related to uncertain tax positions | (4.4) | 0.7 | (0.8) | ||||||||||||||
GILTI tax (5) | (80.9) | (51.6) | (8.2) | ||||||||||||||
CARES Act (4) | — | — | 25.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | (3.0) | (0.3) | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 106.0 | % | (51.8) | % | 49.6 | % | |||||||||||
(1)Primarily related to the impact of state apportionment changes in each year. The impact for 2021 also reflects the state apportionment changes to our net U.S. deferred taxes as a result of our corporate headquarter move.
(2)The impact for 2022 and 2021 reflects non-deductible compensation costs. The impact for 2020 reflects non-deductible transaction costs associated with our Initial Public Offering in July 2020.
(3)The impact was due to the non-deductible mark to market expense for tax purposes. The change in fair value of make-whole derivative liability expense was associated with the make-whole provision liability for the Series A Preferred Stock.
28
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
(4)The impact was due to the CARES Act which was signed into law on March 27, 2020. Among other provisions, the law provides that net operating losses arising in a tax year beginning in 2018, 2019, or 2020 can be carried back five years.
(5)Primarily due to the impact of lower consolidated pre-tax loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Income taxes paid were $143.8 million, $81.9 million and $118.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Income taxes refunded were $4.0 million, $69.2 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the following:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Operating losses | $ | 62.3 | $ | 69.3 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense carryforward | 153.5 | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
| Bad debts | 5.1 | 5.3 | ||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 9.5 | 8.8 | ||||||||||||
| Capital loss and credit carryforwards | 15.4 | 15.7 | ||||||||||||
| Pension and postretirement benefits | 33.9 | 30.9 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange | 9.0 | — | ||||||||||||
ASC 842 - Lease liability (1) | 16.0 | 20.8 | ||||||||||||
| Equity Compensation | 10.5 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 9.3 | 11.4 | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | $ | 324.5 | $ | 293.8 | ||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | (37.0) | (39.4) | ||||||||||||
| Net deferred tax assets | $ | 287.5 | $ | 254.4 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Intangibles | $ | (1,230.8) | $ | (1,388.3) | ||||||||||
| Commission Assets | (35.6) | (29.1) | ||||||||||||
| Fixed assets | (12.5) | (5.1) | ||||||||||||
ASC 842 - ROU asset (1) | (15.1) | (19.1) | ||||||||||||
| Other | (1.2) | (1.5) | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | (1,295.2) | $ | (1,443.1) | ||||||||||
| Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets | $ | (1,007.7) | $ | (1,188.7) | ||||||||||
(1)Prior year amounts were updated to reflect an immaterial correction of previous netting of certain deferred taxes.
As a result of the enactment of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we no longer assert indefinite reinvestment for any historical unrepatriated earnings through December 31, 2017. We intend to reinvest indefinitely all earnings from our China and India subsidiaries earned after December 31, 2017 and therefore have not provided for deferred income and foreign withholding taxes related to these jurisdictions.
We have federal, state and local, and foreign tax loss carryforwards, the tax effect of which was $62.3 million as of December 31, 2022. Of the $62.3 million, $35.8 million have an indefinite carry-forward period with the remainder of $26.5 million expiring at various times between 2023 and 2042. Additionally, we have non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards. The associated tax effect was $11.9 million and $13.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
We have established valuation allowances against certain U.S. state and non-U.S. net operating losses and capital loss carryforwards in the amounts of $36.5 million and $38.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In our opinion, certain U.S. state and non-U.S. net operating losses and capital loss carryforwards are more likely than not to expire before we can utilize them.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
We or one of our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal, and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal jurisdiction, we are no longer subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for years prior to 2019. In state and local jurisdictions, with a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2019. In foreign jurisdictions, with a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2016.
The following is a reconciliation of the gross unrecognized tax benefits:
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 17.1 | ||||||
Additions for current year’s tax positions | 2.3 | |||||||
Increase in prior years’ tax positions | 0.3 | |||||||
Reduction due to expired statute of limitations (1) | (0.8) | |||||||
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 18.9 | ||||||
Additions for current year’s tax positions | 0.5 | |||||||
Increase in prior years’ tax positions | 0.6 | |||||||
| Settlements with taxing authority | (0.4) | |||||||
Reduction due to expired statute of limitations (2) | (1.0) | |||||||
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 18.6 | ||||||
Additions for current year’s tax positions | 1.0 | |||||||
Increase in prior years’ tax positions | 0.4 | |||||||
| Settlements with taxing authority | (0.3) | |||||||
Reduction due to expired statute of limitations (3) | (0.8) | |||||||
| Gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 18.9 | ||||||
(1)The decrease was primarily due to the release of reserves as a result of the expiration of the statute of limitations for the 2016 tax year.
(2)The decrease was primarily due to the release of reserves as a result of the expiration of the statute of limitations for the 2017 tax year.
(3)The decrease was primarily due to the release of reserves as a result of the expiration of the statute of limitations for the 2018 tax year.
The amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits of $18.9 million that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate is $18.2 million, net of tax benefits.
We recognize accrued interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits in the Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes line in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The total amount of interest expense, net of tax benefits, recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $0.8 million $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The total amount of accrued interest as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Note 11 — Pension and Postretirement Benefits
Through June 30, 2007, we offered coverage to substantially all of our U.S. based employees under a defined benefit plan called The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation Retirement Account (“U.S. Qualified Plan”). Prior to that time, the U.S. Qualified Plan covered active and retired employees. The benefits to be paid upon retirement were based on a percentage of the employee’s annual compensation. The percentage of compensation allocated annually to a retirement account ranged from 3% to 12.5% based on age and years of service. Amounts allocated under the U.S. Qualified Plan receive interest credits based on the 30-year Treasury rate or equivalent rate published by the Internal Revenue Service. Pension costs are determined actuarially and are funded in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code.
Effective June 30, 2007, we amended the U.S. Qualified Plan. Any pension benefit that had been accrued through such date under the plan was “frozen” at its then current value and no additional benefits, other than interest on such amounts, will accrue under the U.S. Qualified Plan.
Our employees in certain of our international operations are also provided with retirement benefits through defined benefit plans, representing the remaining balance of our pension obligations.
Prior to January 1, 2019, we also provided various health care benefits for eligible retirees. Postretirement benefit costs and obligations are determined actuarially. Effective January 1, 2019, the pre-65 health plan was terminated and the post-65 health plan is closed to new participants.
Certain of our non-U.S. based employees receive postretirement benefits through government-sponsored or administered programs.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets
The following table sets forth the changes in our benefit obligations and plan assets for our pension and postretirement plans. The table also presents the line items in the consolidated balance sheet where the related assets and liabilities are recorded:
| Pension plans | Postretirement benefit obligations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in benefit obligation: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | (1,832.4) | $ | (1,900.3) | $ | (1.3) | $ | (1.6) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | (3.0) | (5.2) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | (35.2) | (27.4) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | 91.2 | 94.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions | — | (87.4) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan amendment | 0.2 | 0.3 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement | 8.4 | 0.1 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan participants' contributions | (0.9) | (0.9) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial (loss) gain | 337.3 | 85.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates | 34.0 | 9.0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at end of year | $ | (1,400.4) | $ | (1,832.4) | $ | (1.0) | $ | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Change in plan assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | $ | 1,696.4 | $ | 1,620.4 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Actual return on plan assets | (323.8) | 143.7 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions | — | 22.0 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer contributions | 7.0 | 7.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan participants' contributions | 0.9 | 0.9 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits paid | (91.2) | (94.1) | (0.2) | (0.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement | (8.4) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates | (30.7) | (4.0) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | $ | 1,250.2 | $ | 1,696.4 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net funded status of plan | $ | (150.2) | $ | (136.0) | $ | (1.0) | $ | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pension plans | Postretirement benefit obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid pension assets (1) | $ | 4.0 | $ | 36.6 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
Short-term pension and postretirement benefits (2) | (1.4) | (1.2) | (0.2) | (0.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
Long-term pension and postretirement benefits (3) | (152.8) | (171.4) | (0.8) | (1.1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net amount recognized | $ | (150.2) | $ | (136.0) | $ | (1.0) | $ | (1.3) | |||||||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 1,393.4 | $ | 1,819.3 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
| Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial loss (gain) | $ | 76.3 | $ | 14.5 | $ | (0.1) | $ | 0.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Prior service cost (credit) | (0.1) | 0.1 | (1.7) | (2.2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total amount recognized - pretax | $ | 76.2 | $ | 14.6 | $ | (1.8) | $ | (2.1) | |||||||||||||||
(1)Included within other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
(2)Included within accrued payroll in the consolidated balance sheet.
(3)Included within long-term pension and postretirement benefits in the consolidated balance sheet.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The above actuarial loss (gain) and prior service cost and credit represent the cumulative effect of demographic, investment experience and plan amendment, as well as assumption changes that have been made in measuring the plans’ liabilities since the Take-Private Transaction.
In addition, we provide retirement benefits to certain former executives. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the associated obligations were $5.1 million and $6.5 million, respectively, of which $4.5 million and $5.9 million, respectively, were also reflected within "Long-term pension and postretirement benefits."
The actuarial gain or loss, to the extent it exceeds the greater of 10% of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets, will be amortized into expense each year on a straight-line and plan-by-plan basis, over the remaining expected future working lifetime of active participants or the average remaining life expectancy of the participants if all or almost all of the plan participants are inactive. Currently, the amortization periods range from five to 20 years for the U.S. pension and postretirement plans and four to 31 years for the non-U.S. plans. For our U.S. Qualified Plan and for certain of our non-U.S. plans, the amortization periods are the average life expectancy of all plan participants. This is as a result of almost all plan participants being deemed inactive.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, significant changes in the pension projected benefit obligation include an actuarial gain of $337.3 million of which approximately $415 million and $10 million was attributable to the change in discount rates and mortality assumptions, respectively, partially offset by loss of approximately $50 million due to the updates to the assumed cash balance conversion interest rates for our U.S. plan and approximately $38 million primarily related to actuarial experience losses.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, significant changes in the pension projected benefit obligation include an actuarial gain of $85.3 million of which approximately $95 million was attributable to the change in discount rates, partially offset by loss of approximately $6 million resulting from the updates to the assumed cash balance conversion interest rates for our U.S. plan and loss of approximately $5 million due to the change in mortality assumptions. In connection with the Bisnode acquisition, we assumed pension liability of $87.4 million and plan assets of $22.0 million.
Underfunded or Unfunded Accumulated Benefit Obligations
At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our underfunded or unfunded accumulated benefit obligation and the related projected benefit obligation were as follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 1,375.3 | $ | 1,494.7 | ||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 1,227.5 | 1,328.1 | ||||||||||||
| Unfunded accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 147.8 | $ | 166.6 | ||||||||||
| Projected benefit obligation | $ | 1,381.7 | $ | 1,500.8 | ||||||||||
The underfunded or unfunded accumulated benefit obligations at December 31, 2022 consisted of $99.0 million and $48.8 million related to our U.S. Qualified Plan and non-U.S. defined benefit plans, respectively.
The underfunded or unfunded accumulated benefit obligations at December 31, 2021 consisted of $105.4 million and $61.2 million related to our U.S. Qualified Plan and non-U.S. defined benefit plans, respectively.
The decrease of $18.8 million for the underfunded or unfunded accumulated benefit obligations at December 31, 2022 was primarily due to higher discount rates used for the December 31, 2022 remeasurement date.
Net Periodic Pension Cost
The following table sets forth the components of the net periodic cost (income) associated with our pension plans and our postretirement benefit obligations:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
| Pension plans | Postretirement benefit obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of net periodic cost (income): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 3.0 | $ | 5.2 | $ | 1.8 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 35.2 | 27.4 | 42.2 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (79.2) | (83.0) | (88.0) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service cost (credit) | — | — | — | (0.4) | (0.4) | (0.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) | 0.1 | 2.3 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic cost (income) | $ | (40.9) | $ | (48.1) | $ | (44.0) | $ | (0.4) | $ | (0.4) | $ | (0.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
We also incurred settlement charges of $2.1 million and $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2020, respectively.
The following table sets forth other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
| Pension plans | Postretirement benefit obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actuarial (loss) gain arising during the year, before tax benefit (expense) of $15.6, $(38.3) and $32.2 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. | $ | (61.9) | $ | 145.1 | $ | (127.3) | $ | 0.2 | $ | 0.1 | $ | (0.4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior service credit (cost) arising during the year, before tax benefit (expense) of less than $0.1, $(0.1) and $0.1 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. | $ | 0.2 | $ | 0.3 | $ | (0.5) | $ | (0.1) | $ | — | $ | (0.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of actuarial (loss) gain, before tax benefit (expense) of less than $0.1 and $0.6 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. | $ | (0.1) | $ | (2.3) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of prior service (cost) credit, before tax benefit (expense) of $(0.1) and less than $(0.1) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 0.4 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
We apply the long-term expected rate of return assumption to the market-related value of assets to calculate the expected return on plan assets, which is a major component of our annual net periodic pension expense. The market-related value of assets recognizes short-term fluctuations in the fair value of assets over a period of five years, using a straight-line amortization basis. The methodology has been utilized to reduce the effect of short-term market fluctuations on the net periodic pension cost. Since the market-related value of assets recognizes gains or losses over a five-year period, the future value of assets will be impacted as previously deferred gains or losses are amortized.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Assumptions
The following table sets forth the significant weighted-average assumptions we used to determine the projected benefit obligation and the periodic benefit cost:
| Pension plans | Postretirement benefit obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate for determining projected benefit obligation at December 31 | 4.83 | % | 2.38 | % | 1.98 | % | 4.70 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate in effect for determining service cost | 1.64 | % | 1.89 | % | 2.10 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate in effect for determining interest cost | 2.05 | % | 1.47 | % | 2.48 | % | 2.00 | % | 1.20 | % | 2.10 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average expected long-term return on plan assets | 5.32 | % | 5.70 | % | 6.18 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase for determining projected benefit obligation at December 31 | 2.89 | % | 2.88 | % | 3.00 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate of compensation increase for determining net pension cost | 2.81 | % | 3.04 | % | 3.00 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest credit rates for cash balance (1) | 4.45% / 3.94% | 4.45% / 3.00% | 4.45% / 3.00% | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For our U.S. Qualified plan, interest for benefits accrued prior to January 1, 1997 is based on 30-year Treasury yield with a guaranteed minimum rate of 3.00% for accruals prior to January 1, 1997 and 4.45% for accruals after January 1, 1997. The resulting assumed interest rate for accruals prior to January 1, 1997 is 3.94% for December 31, 2022 and 3.00% for both December 31, 2021 and 2020. The resulting assumed interest rate for accruals after January 1, 1997 is 4.45%.
The expected long-term rate of return assumption was 5.50%, 6.00% and 6.50% for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for the U.S. Qualified Plan, our principal pension plan. This assumption is based on the plan’s target asset allocation. The expected long-term rate of return assumption reflects long-term capital market return forecasts for the asset classes employed, assumed excess returns from active management within each asset class, the portion of plan assets that are actively managed, and periodic rebalancing back to target allocations. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before the long-term capital market assumptions are determined. In addition, peer data and historical returns are reviewed to check for reasonableness. Although we review our expected long-term rate of return assumption annually, our plan performance in any one particular year does not, by itself, significantly influence our evaluation. Our assumption is generally not revised unless there is a fundamental change in one of the factors upon which it is based, such as the target asset allocation or long-term capital market return forecasts.
We use discount rates to measure the present value of pension plan obligations and postretirement health care obligations at year-end, as well as, to calculate next year’s pension income or cost. It is derived by using a yield curve approach which matches projected plan benefit payment streams with bond portfolios reflecting actual liability duration unique to the plans. The rate is adjusted at each remeasurement date, based on the factors noted above. We measure service and interest costs by applying the specific spot rates along that yield curve to the plans’ liability cash flows (“Spot Rate Approach”). We believe the approach provides a more precise measurement of service and interest costs by improving the correlation between projected benefit cash flows and their corresponding spot rates on the yield curve.
For the mortality assumption we used PRI 2012 mortality table (“PRI-2012”) for our U.S. plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, together with mortality improvement projection scales MP-2021. The mortality improvement projection scale for the December 31, 2022 remeasurement was adjusted for COVID-19 factors.
Plan Assets (U.S. Qualified Plan and non-U.S. pension plans)
The investment objective for our principal plan, the U.S. Qualified Plan, is to achieve over the investment horizon a long-term total return, which at least matches our expected long-term rate of return assumption while maintaining a prudent level of portfolio risk. We emphasize long-term growth of principal while avoiding excessive risk so as to use plan asset returns to help
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
finance pension obligations, thus improving our plan’s funded status. We predominantly invest in assets that can be sold readily and efficiently to ensure our ability to reasonably meet expected cash flow requirements.
We define our primary risk concern to be the plan’s funded status volatility and to a lesser extent total plan return volatility. Understanding that risk is present in all types of assets and investment styles, we acknowledge that some risk is necessary to produce long-term investment results that are sufficient to meet the plan’s objectives. However, we monitor and ensure that the investment strategies we employ make reasonable efforts to maximize returns while controlling for risk parameters.
Investment risk is also controlled through diversification among multiple asset classes, managers, investment styles and periodic rebalancing toward asset allocation targets. Risk is further controlled at the investment strategy level by requiring underlying managers to follow formal written investment guidelines which enumerate eligible securities, maximum portfolio concentration limits, excess return and tracking error targets as well as other relevant portfolio constraints. Investment results and risk are measured and monitored on an ongoing basis and quarterly investment reviews are conducted.
The plan assets are primarily invested in funds offered and managed by Aon Investment USA, Inc.
Our plan assets are currently invested mainly in funds overseen by our delegated manager using manager of manager funds which are a combination of both active and passive (indexed) investment strategies. The plan’s return seeking assets include equity securities that are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks, including emerging market equities, in order to further reduce risk at the total plan level. Additional diversification in return seeking assets is achieved by using multi-asset credit, private credit, real estate and hedge fund of funds strategies.
A portion of the plan assets are invested in a liability hedging portfolio to reduce funded status volatility and reduce overall risk for the plan. The portfolio uses manager of manager funds that are diversified principally among securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies, mortgage-backed securities, including collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate debt obligations and dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. by non-U.S. banks and corporations.
We have formally identified the primary objective for each asset class within our plan. U.S. equities are held for their long-term capital appreciation and dividend income, which is expected to exceed the rate of inflation. Non-U.S. equities are held for their long-term capital appreciation, as well as diversification relative to U.S. equities and other asset classes. Multi-asset credit, private credit, real estate and hedge fund of funds further diversifies the return-seeking assets with reduced correlation due to different return expectations and flows. These diversifying asset classes also provide a hedge against unexpected inflation. Liability hedging assets are held to reduce overall plan volatility and as a source of current income. Additionally, they are designed to provide a hedge relative to the interest rate sensitivity of the plan’s liabilities. Cash is held only to meet liquidity requirements.
Investment Valuation
Our pension plan assets are measured at fair value in accordance with ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures.” ASC 820 defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under current accounting pronouncements. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for further detail on fair value measurement.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the investments measured at fair value, including the general classification of such investments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
A financial instrument’s level or categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Aon Collective Trust Investment Funds
Aon Collective Investment Trust ("CIT") Funds are offered under the Aon CITs and their units are valued at the reported Net Asset Value ("NAV"). Some Funds are within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy as the NAV is determined and published daily and are the basis for current transactions, while other Funds do not publish a daily NAV, therefore, are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
•Equity funds’ investment objectives are to achieve long-term growth of capital by investing diversified portfolio of primarily U.S. and non-U.S. equity securities and approximate as closely as practicable the total return of the S&P 500 and global stock indices.
•Fixed income funds’ investment objectives are to seek current income and capital appreciation by investing in a diversified portfolio of domestic and foreign debt securities, government obligations and bond funds with various durations.
•Real estate funds’ investment objective is to achieve a return by investing primarily in securities of U.S. and foreign real estate investment trusts, real estate operating companies and other companies that principally engaged in the real estate industry or derive at least 50% of their revenues or earnings owning, operating, developing and /or managing real estate.
Aon Alternative Investment Funds
These investments are valued at the reported NAV; however, these investments do not publish a daily NAV, therefore, are excluded from the fair value hierarchy.
The Aon Private Credit Opportunities Fund is established as a fund-of-funds for investors seeking exposure to a diversified portfolio of private credit investments by allocating to a select pool of United States and European-based private credit funds.
The Aon Liquid Alternatives Fund LTD Class A seeks to generate consistent long-term capital appreciation, it is also concerned with preservation of capital. The Fund diversifies its holdings among a number of Managers that collectively implement a range of alternative investment strategies.
The Aon Opportunistic Alternatives SP Shareholder Summary Class A’s investment objective is to generate attractive returns over a full market cycle by investing in a range of alternative investment opportunities with sources of return that have a low correlation to the broader financial markets, while also seeking to preserve capital under the direction of the Investment Manager.
The Aon Opportunistic Credit Portfolio SP is a segregated portfolio of Aon Alternatives Fund SPC, a Cayman Islands exempted company registered as a segregated portfolio company. The Portfolio’s investment objective is to seek to generate attractive returns by investing in a range of credit opportunities.
Short-Term Investment Funds ("STIF")
These investments include cash, bank notes, corporate notes, government bills and various short-term debt instruments. The investment objective is to provide safety of principal and daily liquidity by investing in high quality money market instruments. They are valued at the reported NAV and within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy as the NAV is determined and published daily, and are the basis for current transactions of the units based on the published NAV.
The Venture Capital Fund
The Fund is structured as a conventional, private venture capital firm. The Fund will target investments that are in early-stage technology companies. The Fund expects to invest in seed stage development companies, principally in the software and technology-enabled businesses sector. It is classified as other investments measured at the NAV and is excluded from the fair value hierarchy.
The U.S. Qualified Plan has an additional unfunded commitment of $0.1 million and $0.1 million to the Venture Capital Fund at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $24.8 million and $17.2 million to the Aon Private Credit Opportunities Fund I, Aon Private Credit Opportunities Fund II and Aon Opportunistic Credit Fund at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The unfunded commitment increased due to the addition of the new investment, Aon Private Credit Opportunities Fund II.
There were no transfers among the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
The preceding methods may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, although the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the plan assets at fair value as of December 31, 2022:
| Asset category | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level I) | Significant other observable inputs (Level II) | Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investment funds | $ | 9.1 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aon Collective Investment Trust Funds: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity funds | $ | 192.6 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 192.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed income funds | 591.0 | — | — | 591.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate funds | 3.0 | — | — | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Aon Collective Investment Trust Funds | $ | 786.6 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 786.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 795.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 795.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Investments Measured at Net Asset Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aon Collective Investment Trust Funds | $ | 123.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aon Alternative Investment Funds: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income funds | $ | 99.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Venture Capital Fund | 7.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Non-U.S. commingled equity and fixed income | 224.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other investments measured at net asset value | $ | 331.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments at fair value | $ | 1,250.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the plan assets at fair value as of December 31, 2021:
| Asset category | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level I) | Significant other observable inputs (Level II) | Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investment funds | $ | 16.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 16.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aon Collective Investment Trust Funds: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity funds | $ | 390.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 390.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed income funds | 577.3 | — | — | 577.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate funds | 0.6 | — | — | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Aon Collective Investment Trust Funds | $ | 968.6 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 968.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 985.3 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 985.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Investments Measured at Net Asset Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aon Collective Investment Trust Funds | $ | 159.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aon Alternative Investment Funds: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income funds | $ | 155.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Venture Capital Fund | 5.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Non-U.S. commingled equity and fixed income | 391.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other investments measured at net asset value | $ | 552.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investments at fair value | $ | 1,696.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Allocations
We employ a total return investment approach in which a mix of equity, debt and alternative (e.g., real estate) investments is used to achieve a competitive long-term rate of return on plan assets at a prudent level of risk. Our weighted average plan target asset allocation is 37% return-seeking assets (range of 25% to 45%) and 63% liability-hedging assets (range of 55% to 75%).
The following table sets forth the weighted average asset allocations and target asset allocations by asset category, as of the measurement dates of the plans:
| Asset allocations | Target asset allocations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Return-seeking assets | 43 | % | 52 | % | 37 | % | 49 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Liability-hedging assets | 57 | % | 48 | % | 63 | % | 51 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Contributions and Benefit Payments
We expect to contribute $6.4 million to our non-U.S. pension plans and $0.2 million to our postretirement benefit plan in 2023. We did not make a contribution in 2022 and are not required to make a contribution to the U.S. Qualified Plan in 2023 for the 2022 plan year based on the minimum funding requirements as defined in the Pension Protection Act of 2006 as amended. Final funding requirements for 2022 will be determined based on our January 2023 funding actuarial valuation.
The following table summarizes expected benefit payments from our pension plans and postretirement plans through 2032. Actual benefit payments may differ from expected benefit payments. These amounts are net of expected plan participant contributions:
| Pension plans | Postretirement benefit plans | |||||||||||||
| 2023 | $ | 101.0 | $ | 0.2 | ||||||||||
| 2024 | $ | 103.3 | $ | 0.2 | ||||||||||
| 2025 | $ | 104.8 | $ | 0.2 | ||||||||||
| 2026 | $ | 106.4 | $ | 0.1 | ||||||||||
| 2027 | $ | 108.1 | $ | 0.1 | ||||||||||
| 2028 - 2032 | $ | 545.7 | $ | 0.2 | ||||||||||
401(k) Plan
We have a 401(k) Plan covering substantially all U.S. employees that provides for employee salary deferral contribution and employer contributions. Employees may contribute up to 50% of their pay on a pre-tax basis subject to IRS limitations. In addition, employees with age 50 or older are allowed to contribute additional pre-tax “catch-up” contributions. In addition, the Company matches up to 50% of seven percent (7%) of a team member’s eligible compensation, subject to certain 401(k) Plan limitations.
We had expense associated with our 401(k) Plan of $10.7 million, $11.1 million and $10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Note 12 — Stock Based Compensation
In connection with the IPO completed on July 6, 2020, we adopted the Dun & Bradstreet 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Under the Plan, we are authorized to issue up to 40,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in the form of stock-based awards, such as, but not limited to, restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock options. As of December 31, 2022, a total of 21,017,586 shares of our common stock were available for future grants under the Plan.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The following table sets forth our stock-based compensation and expected tax benefit related to the plans in effect during the respective year:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock and restricted stock units (1) | $ | 53.7 | $ | 18.7 | $ | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock options | 9.9 | 3.0 | 23.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Incentive units | 2.4 | 11.6 | 19.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation expense | $ | 66.0 | $ | 33.3 | $ | 45.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Expected tax benefit: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock and restricted stock units | $ | 0.5 | $ | 3.4 | $ | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock options | 6.8 | 0.2 | 5.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total compensation expense | $ | 7.3 | $ | 3.6 | $ | 6.4 | ||||||||||||||
(1)Higher expense for restricted stock and restricted stock units in 2022 and 2021 compared to the respective prior year was primarily due to the additions of grants and the expense recognition associated with accelerated shares.
Stock Options
We accounted for stock options based on grant date fair value. Service condition options were valued using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Market condition options were valued using a Monte Carlo valuation model.
On August 5, 2022, we granted to certain executives 4,914,868 stock options that contained both a service condition and a market condition. The stock options have a 10-year term and will vest ratably over three years, commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date. The executives must remain continuously employed through the latter of (1) the vesting periods or (2) the time when the market condition is met. The market condition, which impacts the exercisability of the stock options, requires that D&B’s share price must exceed the grant date share price by 20% for 20 trading days in any 30-day trading window during the 10-year term of the award. As these awards contain a market condition, the fair value on the date of grant was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation model.
The following weighted average assumptions were used for options granted:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
Expected dividend yield (1) | 1.29 | % | N/A | — | % | |||||||||||||||
Expected stock price volatility (2) | 33 | % | N/A | 28 | % | |||||||||||||||
Risk-free interest rate (3) | 2.77 | % | N/A | 0.23 | % | |||||||||||||||
Expected life of options (in years) (4) | 4.5 | N/A | 4.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 5.42 | N/A | $ | 4.99 | |||||||||||||||
(1)For the 2022 grants, the expected dividend yield was based on our quarterly dividend divided by the three-month average stock price as of the grant date, annualized and continuously compounded. The company did not pay dividends for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
(2)For 2022 grants, expected stock price volatility was calculated based 50% on D&B’s historical volatility and 50% on the leverage-adjusted volatility of our peer companies. For the 2020 grants, expected stock price volatility was derived from the historical volatility of companies in our peer group.
(3)Risk free interest rate was based on the term-matched, zero-coupon risk-free rate from the Treasury Constant Maturity yield curve, continuously compounded.
(4)For the 2022 grants, the expected term was based on the midpoint between the time of hurdle achievement and the expiration date. For the 2020 grants, the expected term was calculated using the simplified method.
The following table summarize the stock options activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
| Stock options | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of options | Weighted-average exercise price | Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years) | Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2021 | 6,380,000 | $22.00 | 5.5 | $— | |||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 4,914,868 | $15.89 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (200,000) | $22.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | — | $— | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2022 | 11,094,868 | $19.29 | 6.8 | $— | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 | 5,588,205 | $16.63 | 9.0 | $— | |||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 | 5,506,663 | $22.00 | 4.5 | $— | |||||||||||||||||||
There were no stock options granted during 2021. As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was $21.8 million, which was expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.
No stock option were exercised for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock and restricted stock units are valued on the award grant date at the closing market price of our stock.
The following table summarize the restricted stock and restricted stock units activity for the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Restricted stock and Restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of shares | Weighted-average grant date fair value | Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years) | Aggregate intrinsic value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2021 | 2,757,839 | $21.61 | 1.2 | $56.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 5,814,164 | $16.18 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (572,278) | $18.63 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Vested | (992,042) | $21.95 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances, December 31, 2022 | 7,007,683 | $17.28 | 1.2 | $85.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
The weighted average grant date fair value per share of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $21.37 and $25.95, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock units were $73.3 million, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.
The following table summarizes information relating to the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of shares vested | $ | 15.8 | $ | 6.8 | N/A | |||||||||||||||
| Tax benefit realized upon vesting | $ | 2.4 | $ | 0.9 | N/A | |||||||||||||||
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Incentive Units Program
In connection with the IPO in July 2020, we converted the 18,245.79 outstanding profits interests of Star Parent, L.P. into 15,055,564 common units of Star Parent, L.P. In addition, we also converted the 15,867.81 vested profits interests held by certain investors into 13,093,367 shares of common stock of Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. The common units retain the original time-based vesting schedule and are subject to the same forfeiture terms. The fair value of the common units was not greater than the fair value of the Star Parent, L.P. profits interests immediately prior to the conversion; therefore, no additional compensation expense was recognized. We accelerated the vesting of 1,342,909 common units, held by one of our directors, incurring an acceleration charge of $3.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. During 2021 Star Parent L.P. was liquidated. As part of the liquidation, each vested common unit was exchanged for a share of common stock of the Company and distributed to the grantees and each unvested common unit was exchanged for a restricted share of common stock. These restricted shares retain the original time-based vesting schedule and are subject to the same forfeiture terms.
The following table summarizes the activities for common units and restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Number of common units/restricted shares | Weighted-average grant date fair value | Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years) | Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 3,826,569 | $2.95 | 0.24 | $78.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution | (3,812,866) | $2.95 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (13,703) | $2.59 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2022 | — | $0.0 | 0.00 | $0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expected to vest, December 31, 2022 | — | $0.0 | 0.00 | $0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2022, there were no longer any non-vested restricted shares outstanding.
The following table summarizes information relating to the vesting of common units/restricted shares:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of shares vested | $ | 60.1 | $ | 96.7 | $ | 147.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Tax benefit realized upon vesting | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||
Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")
Effective December 2020, we adopted the Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. ESPP that allows eligible employees to voluntarily make after-tax contributions ranging from 3% to 15% of eligible earnings. The Company contributes varying matching amounts to employees, as specified in the plan document, after a one year holding period. During the holding period, ESPP purchased shares are not eligible for sale or broker transfer. We recorded the associated expense of approximately $3 million and $4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Note 13 — Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
In periods when we report net income, diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the dilutive effect of our outstanding stock incentive awards. For periods when we report a net loss, diluted earnings per share is equal to basic earnings per share, as the impact of our outstanding stock incentive awards is considered to be antidilutive.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (2.3) | $ | (71.7) | $ | (180.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding-basic | 429,106,164 | 428,666,791 | 367,132,099 | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding-diluted | 429,106,164 | 428,666,791 | 367,132,099 | |||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share of common stock: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | — | $ | (0.2) | $ | (0.5) | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | — | $ | (0.2) | $ | (0.5) | ||||||||||||||
The weighted average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of diluted earnings per share excludes the effect of potentially issuable common shares totaling 9,618,019 shares, 1,092,148 shares and 179,870 shares for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These potentially issuable common shares were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Below is a reconciliation of our common stock issued and outstanding:
| Common Shares | Treasury Shares (1) | Common Shares Outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shares as of December 31, 2020 | 423,418,131 | (465,903) | 422,952,228 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for the year ended December 31, 2021 | 9,177,810 | 260,357 | 9,438,167 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares forfeited for the year ended December 31, 2021 | (524,942) | (667,671) | (1,192,613) | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares as of December 31, 2021 | 432,070,999 | (873,217) | 431,197,782 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for the year ended December 31, 2022 | 5,335,911 | N/A | 5,335,911 | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares forfeited for the year ended December 31, 2022 | (802,463) | (13,703) | (816,166) | |||||||||||||||||
| Shares as of December 31, 2022 | 436,604,447 | (886,920) | 435,717,527 | |||||||||||||||||
(1)Primarily related to the forfeiture of unvested incentive units granted prior to the IPO under the Incentive Units Program of Star Parent, L.P.
Our Board of Directors declared the following dividends during the year ended December 31, 2022:
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | Dividends Per Share | |||||||||||||||||
| July 28, 2022 | September 1, 2022 | September 22, 2022 | $ | 0.05 | ||||||||||||||||
| October 27, 2022 | December 1, 2022 | December 15, 2022 | $ | 0.05 | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends accrued for restricted shares are contingent and payable upon vesting of the underlying restricted shares.
Note 14 — Financial Instruments
The Company is exposed to global market risks, including risks from changes in foreign exchange rates and changes in interest rates. Accordingly, we use derivatives to manage the aforementioned financial exposures that occur in
the normal course of business. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. By their nature, all such instruments involve risk, including the credit risk of non-performance by counterparties. However, at December 31, 2022 and 2021, there was no significant risk of loss in the event of non-performance of the counterparties to these financial instruments. We control our exposure to credit risk through monitoring procedures and by selection of reputable counterparties. Collateral is generally not required for these types of instruments. See Note 2 for our financial instrument accounting policy.
Our trade receivables do not represent a significant concentration of credit risk at December 31, 2022 and 2021, because we sell to a large number of clients in different geographical locations and industries.
Interest Rate Risk Management
Our objective in managing our exposure to interest rates is to limit the impact of interest rate changes on our earnings, cash flows and financial position, and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we maintain a practice that floating-rate debt be managed within a minimum and maximum range of our total debt exposure. To manage our exposure
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
and limit volatility, we may use fixed-rate debt, floating-rate debt and/or interest rate swaps. We recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet.
We use interest rate swaps to manage the impact of interest rate changes on our earnings. Under the swap agreements, we make monthly payments based on the fixed interest rate and receive monthly payments based on the floating rate. The purpose of the swaps is to mitigate the variation of future cash flows from changes in the floating interest rates on our existing debt. The swaps are designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges. Changes in the fair value of the hedging instruments are recorded in OCI, net of tax, and reclassified to earnings in the same line item associated with the hedged item when the hedged item impacts earnings.
On March 2, 2022, the Company entered into three-year interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $250 million, effective February 28, 2022 through February 27, 2025. For these swaps, the Company pays a fixed rate of 1.629% and receives the one-month Term SOFR rate.
On March 30, 2021, the Company entered into three-year interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $1,000 million, effective March 29, 2021 through March 27, 2024. For these swaps, the Company pays a fixed rate of 0.467% and receives the one-month LIBOR rate.
The notional amount of the interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedging instrument was $1,250 million and $1,000 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
On February 2, 2023, the Company entered into three-year interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $1,500 million, effective January 27, 2023 through February 8, 2026. For these swaps, the Company pays a fixed rate of 3.695% and receives the one-month LIBOR rate through June 27, 2023 and one-month Term SOFR rate after June 27, 2023 for the remainder of the term.
Foreign Exchange Risk Management
Our objective in managing exposure to foreign currency fluctuations is to reduce the volatility caused by foreign exchange rate changes on the earnings, cash flows and financial position of our international operations. From time to time, we follow a practice of hedging certain balance sheet positions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency applicable to each of our various subsidiaries. In addition, we are subject to foreign exchange risk associated with our international earnings and net investments in our foreign subsidiaries. We may use short-term, foreign exchange forward and, from time to time, option contracts to execute our hedging strategies. Certain derivatives are designated as accounting hedges.
Foreign exchange forward contracts
These contracts are denominated primarily in the British pound sterling, the Euro, the Swedish Krona, and the Norwegian Krone. Our foreign exchange forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments under authoritative guidance and typically have maturities of 12 months or less.
To decrease earnings volatility, we currently hedge substantially all our intercompany balance positions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency applicable to each of our various subsidiaries with short-term, foreign exchange forward contracts. The underlying transactions and the corresponding foreign exchange forward contracts are marked to market at the end of each quarter and the fair value impacts are reflected within “Non-operating income (expense) – net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Bisnode, we entered into a zero-cost foreign currency collar in October 2020, with a notional amount of SEK 4.8 billion to reduce our foreign currency exposure. Unrealized gain associated with the instrument was $23.5 million at December 31, 2020. We settled the collar on January 8, 2021 with a total realized gain of $21.0 million upon the close of the Bisnode transaction, resulting in a loss of $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, reflected within “Non-operating income (expense) – net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts were $455.1 million and $448.5 million, respectively. Realized gains and losses associated with these contracts were $34.1 million and $48.2 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022; $11.4 million and $10.1 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021; and $17.4 million and $9.7 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020. Unrealized gains and losses associated with these contracts were $3.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022; $1.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021; and $2.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
To protect the value of our investments in our foreign operations against adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we hedge a portion of our net investment in one or more of our foreign subsidiaries by using cross-currency interest rate swaps. Cross currency swaps are designated as net investment hedges of a portion of our foreign investments denominated in the non-U.S. dollar currency. The component of the gains and losses on our net investment in these designated foreign operations driven by changes in foreign exchange rates, are partly offset by movements in the fair value of our cross-currency swap contracts. The change in the fair value of the swaps in each period is reported in OCI, net of tax. Such amounts will remain in accumulated OCI until the liquidation or substantial liquidation of our investment in the underlying foreign operations. Through the respective maturity dates of each of the swap contracts, we receive monthly fixed-rate interest payments, which are recorded as contra expense within "Interest expense" in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). During 2022, we entered into various cross currency swaps as discussed below. They are all designated as net investment hedges of a portion of our foreign investments denominated in the Euro currency.
On April 13, 2022, the Company entered into three tranches of cross currency interest rate swaps, each with a notional amount of $125 million (€116 million) at two, three, and four-year terms, where we receive USD coupons at fixed rates of 1.920%, 1.730%, and 1.550%, respectively, and pay EUR coupons of 0%. These swaps were terminated on April 28, 2022. Upon the termination of the swaps, we received $5.8 million, which was reported in OCI for the year ended December 31, 2022 and will remain within accumulated OCI until the period in which a disposal or substantial liquidation of the entities being hedged occurs.
On April 28, 2022, we executed three tranches of cross currency swaps, each with a notional amount of $125 million (€119 million) at two, three, and four-year terms, where we receive USD coupons at fixed rates of 2.187%, 1.997%, and 1.855%, respectively, and pay EUR coupons of 0%. These swaps were terminated on July 15, 2022 and replaced with new swaps with similar notional amounts (see discussion below). Upon the termination of the swaps, we received cash of $14.2 million, which was reported in OCI for the year ended December 31, 2022 and will remain within accumulated OCI until the period in which a disposal or substantial liquidation of the entities being hedged occurs. We also received payments of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 which were recorded as contra expense within "Interest expense" in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
On July 15, 2022, we executed three tranches of cross currency swaps, each with a notional amount of $125 million (€124 million) at two, three, and four-year terms, where we receive USD coupons at fixed rates of 2.205%, 1.883%, and 1.723%, respectively, and pay EUR coupons of 0%. On the maturity date of each tranche, we will receive the notional amount of $125 million, and pay the counterparty €124 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, aggregate payments of $3.3 million were recorded as contra expense within "Interest expense" in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
| Asset derivatives | Liability derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance sheet location | Fair value | Balance sheet location | Fair value | Balance sheet location | Fair value | Balance sheet location | Fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedge derivative: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | Other current assets | $ | 65.7 | Other current assets | $ | 10.1 | Other accrued & current liabilities | $ | — | Other accrued & current liabilities | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment hedge derivative: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency swaps | Other current assets | — | Other current assets | — | Other accrued & current liabilities | 17.1 | Other accrued & current liabilities | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | $ | 65.7 | $ | 10.1 | $ | 17.1 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange forward contracts | Other current assets | $ | 3.5 | Other current assets | $ | 1.9 | Other accrued & current liabilities | $ | 0.3 | Other accrued & current liabilities | $ | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | $ | 3.5 | $ | 1.9 | $ | 0.3 | $ | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total derivatives | $ | 69.2 | $ | 12.0 | $ | 17.4 | $ | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
| Amount of pre-tax gain or (loss) recognized in OCI on derivative | |||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedge derivative: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | $ | 55.6 | $ | 11.1 | $ | 0.9 | |||||||||||
| Net investment hedge derivative: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency swaps | $ | 2.9 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Location of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedge derivative: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | Interest expense | $ | 13.2 | $ | (3.4) | $ | (2.8) | ||||||||||||||||
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
| Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Location of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flow hedge derivative: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | Interest expense | $ | 13.2 | $ | (3.4) | $ | (2.8) | ||||||||||||||||
| Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income on derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivatives | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Make-whole derivative liability | Non-operating income (expenses) – net | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (32.8) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange collar | Non-operating income (expenses) – net | $ | — | $ | (2.5) | $ | 23.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange forward contracts | Non-operating income (expenses) – net | $ | (12.1) | $ | 1.4 | $ | 9.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
The net amount related to the interest rate swaps expected to be reclassified into earnings over the next 12 months is approximately $53 million.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Our financial assets and liabilities that are reflected in the consolidated financial statements include derivative financial instruments, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings.
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2022 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level I) | Significant other observable inputs (Level II) | Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) | Balance at December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents (1) | $ | 0.9 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Other current assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards (2) | $ | — | $ | 3.5 | $ | — | $ | 3.5 | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap arrangements (3) | $ | — | $ | 65.7 | $ | — | $ | 65.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other accrued and current liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards (2) | $ | — | $ | 0.3 | $ | — | $ | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||
Cross-currency swap arrangements (3) | $ | — | $ | 17.1 | $ | — | $ | 17.1 | |||||||||||||||
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The following table summarizes fair value measurements by level at December 31, 2021 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level I) | Significant other observable inputs (Level II) | Significant unobservable inputs (Level III) | Balance at December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents (1) | $ | 1.7 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Other current assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards (2) | $ | — | $ | 1.9 | $ | — | $ | 1.9 | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap arrangements (3) | $ | — | $ | 10.1 | $ | — | $ | 10.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Other accrued and current liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards (2) | $ | — | $ | 0.7 | $ | — | $ | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||
(1)The carrying value of cash equivalents represents fair value as they consist of highly liquid investments with an initial term from the date of purchase by the Company to maturity of three months or less.
(2)Primarily represents foreign currency forward contracts. Fair value is determined based on observable market data and considers a factor for nonperformance in the valuation.
(3)Represents interest rate swap agreements. Fair value is determined based on observable market data.
There were no transfers between Levels I and II or transfers in or transfers out of Level III in the fair value hierarchy for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021.
At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables and accounts payable approximated carrying value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments subject to fair value disclosures, determined based on valuation models using discounted cash flow methodologies with market data inputs from globally recognized data providers and third-party quotes from major financial institutions (categorized as Level II in the fair value hierarchy), are as follows:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying amount | Fair value | Carrying amount | Fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (1) | $ | 454.0 | $ | 390.9 | $ | 866.4 | $ | 924.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Revolving facility | $ | 50.3 | $ | 49.9 | $ | 160.0 | $ | 162.7 | |||||||||||||||
Term loan facility (2) | $ | 3,080.6 | $ | 3,085.9 | $ | 2,718.4 | $ | 2,840.7 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Includes the 5.00% Senior Unsecured Notes at December 31, 2022, and the 5.000% Senior Unsecured Notes and the 6.875% Senior Secured Notes at December 31, 2021.
(2)Includes short-term and long-term portions of the Term Loan Facility.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, we record assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by GAAP. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges and for acquisition accounting in accordance with the guidance in ASC 805 "Business Combinations."
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Note 15 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”):
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | Net investment hedge derivative | Defined benefit pension plans | Cash flow hedge derivative | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2020 | $ | 0.9 | $ | — | $ | (24.0) | $ | (1.1) | $ | (24.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 25.3 | — | (96.0) | (1.4) | (72.1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | — | (0.3) | 2.1 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | 26.2 | $ | — | $ | (120.3) | $ | (0.4) | $ | (94.5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (78.8) | — | 107.0 | 4.9 | 33.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | — | 1.4 | 2.9 | 4.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | (52.6) | $ | — | $ | (11.9) | $ | 7.4 | $ | (57.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (119.7) | 2.0 | (46.3) | 50.7 | (113.3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | — | 0.1 | (9.7) | (9.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | $ | (172.3) | $ | 2.0 | $ | (58.1) | $ | 48.4 | $ | (180.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the reclassifications out of AOCI:
| Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components | Affected line item in the statement where net income (loss) is presented | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit pension plans: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prior service costs | Other income (expense)- net | $ | 0.1 | $ | (0.4) | $ | (0.4) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of actuarial gain/loss | Other income (expense)- net | 0.1 | 2.3 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative financial instruments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest contracts | Interest expense | (13.2) | 3.9 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total before tax | (13.0) | 5.8 | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax benefit (expense) | 3.4 | (1.5) | (0.6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax | $ | (9.6) | $ | 4.3 | $ | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Note 16 — Acquisitions
2021 Acquisitions
Eyeota Holdings Pte Ltd ("Eyeota")
On November 5, 2021, we acquired 100% of the outstanding ownership interests in Eyeota, a global online and offline data onboarding and transformation company, for a purchase price of $172.4 million in cash, inclusive of $0.1 million of net working capital adjustment. The acquisition was funded by borrowing from our revolving facility.
The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, as a purchase transaction, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entity were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. We have included the financial results of Eyeota in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. Transaction costs of $3.0 million were included in selling and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021. We allocated goodwill and intangible assets to our North America segment.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The table below reflects the aggregate purchase price related to the acquisition and the resulting purchase allocation:
| Amortization life (years) | Initial purchase price allocation at December 31, 2022 | Measurement Period Adjustments | Final Purchase Price Allocation at December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 7.1 | $ | — | $ | 7.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 9.3 | — | 9.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 0.5 | — | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 16.9 | — | 16.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 14 | 20.0 | — | 20.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology | 5 | 14.0 | — | 14.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trademark | 2 | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | Indefinite | 138.3 | 0.2 | 138.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets acquired | $ | 190.2 | $ | 0.2 | $ | 190.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liability | 5.9 | — | 5.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 12.0 | 0.1 | 12.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities assumed | 17.9 | 0.1 | 18.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total purchase price | $ | 172.3 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 172.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset was determined by applying the income approach through a discounted cash flow analysis, specifically a multi-period excess earnings method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.
The technology intangible asset represents Eyeota's data supply and service platform to deliver customer services and solutions. We applied the income approach to value technology intangible assets, specifically, a relief from royalty method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.
The intangible assets, with useful lives from two years to 14 years, are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 10.1 years. Intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization methods reflect the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.
The value of the goodwill is primarily related to the expected growth opportunity in the target marketing business from the combined business. We do not expect goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes.
The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities were subject to change within the one-year measurement period. We obtained information to determine the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition date during the measurement period. Since the initial valuation reflected in our financial results as of November 5, 2021, we have adjusted fair value for certain liabilities based on updated information. The measurement period adjustments to the preliminary valuation of assets and liabilities resulted in a net increase of goodwill of $0.2 million during 2022. We have completed the purchase accounting process in the quarter ended December 31, 2022.
NetWise Data, LLC ("NetWise")
On November 15, 2021, we acquired 100% of the outstanding ownership interests in NetWise, a provider of business to business and business to consumer identity graph and audience targeting data, for a purchase price of $69.8 million of which $62.9 million was paid upon the close of the transaction and the remaining $6.9 million will be paid no later than 19 months after the transaction closing date, subject to net working capital adjustment. The transaction was funded by cash on hand. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we made a net working capital adjustment of $0.4 million.
The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, as a purchase transaction, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entity were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. We have included the financial results of NetWise in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. Transaction costs of
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
$0.4 million were included in selling and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021. We allocated goodwill and intangible assets to our North America segment.
The table below reflects the aggregate purchase price related to the acquisition and the resulting purchase allocation:
| Amortization life (years) | Initial purchase price allocation at December 31, 2021 | Measurement Period Adjustments | Final Purchase Price Allocation at December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 2.6 | $ | — | $ | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 2.6 | — | 2.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 0.4 | — | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 5.6 | — | 5.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 15 | 19.8 | — | 19.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology | 5 | 1.3 | — | 1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trademark | 2 | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Database | 3 | 2.2 | — | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | Indefinite | 41.9 | 3.6 | 45.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets acquired | $ | 71.0 | $ | 3.6 | $ | 74.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities assumed | 1.2 | 3.2 | 4.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total purchase price | $ | 69.8 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 70.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset was determined by applying the income approach through a discounted cash flow analysis, specifically a multi-period excess earnings method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.
The database intangible asset represents business and consumer data collected and managed by NetWise. The technology intangible asset represents NetWise's data supply and service platform to deliver customer services and solutions. We applied the income approach to value database and technology intangible assets, specifically, a relief from royalty method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.
The intangible assets, with useful lives from two years to 15 years, are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 13.2 years. Intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization methods reflect the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.
The value of goodwill is primarily related to the expected growth opportunity to expand our products and service offerings in our marketing business. The goodwill recognized is deductible for tax purposes.
The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities were subject to change within the one-year measurement period. We obtained information to determine the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition date during the measurement period. Since the initial valuation reflected in our financial results as of November 15, 2021, we have adjusted fair value for certain liabilities based on updated information. The measurement period adjustments to the preliminary valuation of assets and liabilities resulted in a net increase of goodwill of $3.6 million since the acquisition date. We have completed the purchase accounting process in the quarter ended December 31, 2022.
Bisnode Business Information Group AB ("Bisnode")
On January 8, 2021, we acquired 100% ownership of Bisnode, a leading European data and analytics firm and long-standing member of the Dun & Bradstreet WWN alliances, for a total purchase price of $805.8 million. The transaction closed with a combination of cash of $646.9 million and 6,237,087 newly issued shares of common stock of the Company in a private placement valued at $158.9 million based on the stock closing price on January 8, 2021. The transaction was partially funded by the proceeds from the $300 million borrowing from the Incremental Term Loan.
The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805 "Business Combinations," as a purchase transaction, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the entity were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
We have included the financial results of Bisnode in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. We had finalized purchase accounting as of December 31, 2021.
The table below summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:
| Weighted average amortization period (years) | Initial purchase price allocation at March 31, 2021 | Measurement period adjustment | Final purchase price allocation at December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 29.9 | $ | — | $ | 29.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 61.0 | — | 61.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other current assets | 13.1 | — | 13.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 104.0 | — | 104.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, plant & equipment | 3.5 | — | 3.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reacquired right | 15 | 271.0 | (1.0) | 270.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Database | 12 | 116.0 | (5.0) | 111.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 10 | 106.0 | 2.0 | 108.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology | 14 | 65.0 | (1.0) | 64.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | Indefinite | 488.4 | 7.0 | 495.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Right of use asset | 26.7 | 0.7 | 27.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 5.2 | (2.3) | 2.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets acquired | $ | 1,185.8 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 1,186.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 17.5 | $ | — | $ | 17.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred revenue (1) | 80.6 | — | 80.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued payroll | 20.7 | — | 20.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accrued income tax and other tax liabilities | 17.1 | — | 17.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease liability | 8.4 | 0.2 | 8.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 23.7 | — | 23.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 168.0 | 0.2 | 168.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term pension and postretirement obligations | 65.4 | — | 65.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liability | 127.6 | 0.2 | 127.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term lease liability | 18.2 | — | 18.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 0.8 | — | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities assumed | $ | 380.0 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 380.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consideration | $ | 805.8 | $ | — | $ | 805.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1)In the fourth quarter of 2021, we early adopted ASU No. 2021-08, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers," retrospectively to all business combinations during 2021. As a result, acquired deferred revenue balances were measured based on the guidance of ASC 606.
The fair value of the reacquired right intangible asset primarily related to rights that were previously granted to Bisnode under the WWN agreement, including rights to sell certain products under the D&B brand name and the right to access D&B database and technology platform. The fair value of reacquired right intangible asset was determined by applying the income approach; specifically, utilizing a multi-period excess earnings method. In addition, as a result of the Bisnode acquisition, we reclassified the net book value of previously recognized WWN relationships intangible asset related to the Bisnode relationship of $64.7 million to reacquired right, which is amortized over 15 years, together with the above-mentioned newly recognized reacquired right.
The fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset was determined by applying the income approach through a discounted cash flow analysis, specifically a multi-period excess earnings method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
The database intangible asset represents business and consumer data collected and managed by Bisnode. The technology intangible asset represents Bisnode's data supply and service platform to deliver customer services and solutions. We applied the income approach to value database and technology intangible assets, specifically, a relief from royalty method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.
The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities were subject to change within the one-year measurement period. We obtained information to determine the fair values of the net assets acquired at the acquisition date during the measurement period. Since the initial valuation reflected in our financial results as of March 31, 2021, we have adjusted fair value for certain intangible assets based on updated information. An asset and liability was recognized for favorable and unfavorable lease terms, respectively, during the measurement period. In addition, we recorded adjustments to the deferred tax liability reflecting the changes of intangible asset fair value. The above measurement period adjustments to the preliminary valuation of assets and liabilities resulted in a net increase of goodwill of $7.0 million during 2021. We have completed the purchase accounting process as of December 31, 2021.
The value of the goodwill is primarily related to the expected cost synergies and growth opportunity from the combined business. We do not expect goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes.
The intangible assets, with useful lives from 6 to 15 years, are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 13.6 years. The customer relationship, technology and database intangible assets are primarily amortized using an accelerating method. Reacquired right is amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization methods reflect the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.
See Note 17 for the future amortization as of December 31, 2022 associated with intangible assets recognized as a result of acquisitions.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information
The following pro forma statements of operations data presents the combined results of the Company and the acquired businesses during 2021, assuming that all acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2020.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Reported revenue | $ | 2,165.6 | $ | 1,738.7 | |||||||
| Pro forma adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Pre-acquisition revenue: | |||||||||||
| Bisnode | 4.6 | 400.0 | |||||||||
| Eyeota | 31.5 | 31.5 | |||||||||
| NetWise | 8.4 | 6.8 | |||||||||
| Adjustments to Bisnode's pre-acquisition revenue related to revenue received from Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | — | (21.0) | |||||||||
| Adjustments to Dun & Bradstreet's revenue related to revenue received from Bisnode | — | (43.0) | |||||||||
| Total pro forma revenue | $ | 2,210.1 | $ | 2,113.0 | |||||||
| Reported net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (71.7) | $ | (180.6) | |||||||
| Pro forma adjustments - net of tax effect: | |||||||||||
| Pre-acquisition net income: | |||||||||||
| Bisnode | 0.8 | 57.2 | |||||||||
| Eyeota | (0.3) | (0.3) | |||||||||
| NetWise | (1.2) | 1.2 | |||||||||
| Intangible amortization - net of tax benefits | (1.1) | (56.8) | |||||||||
| Write off related to pre-existing relationship - net of tax benefits | 2.3 | (2.3) | |||||||||
| Transaction costs - net of tax benefits | 3.0 | 3.5 | |||||||||
| Pro forma net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (68.2) | $ | (178.1) | |||||||
2020 Acquisitions
On January 7, 2020 we acquired a 100% equity interest in Orb Intelligence (“Orb”) for a purchase price of $11.6 million. Orb Intelligence offers a high quality, global database of information, with a focus on building a digital view of businesses' presence.
On March 11, 2020, we acquired substantially all of the assets of coAction.com for a purchase price of $9.6 million, of which $4.8 million was paid upon the close of the transaction and the remaining $4.8 million was paid on September 11, 2020. coAction.com is a leader in revenue cycle management in the Order-to-Cash process, serving mid to large size companies across multiple industries.
The acquisitions were accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, as purchase transactions, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of both entities were recorded at their estimated fair values at the respective dates of the acquisitions. Transaction costs of $0.2 million were included in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have included the financial results of Orb and coAction.com in our consolidated financial statements since their respective acquisition dates, and the results from each of these companies were not individually or in the aggregate material to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
December 31, 2020. We allocated goodwill and intangible assets to our North America segment and completed the purchase accounting process as of December 31, 2020.
The table below reflects the aggregate purchase price related to the acquisitions and the resulting purchase allocation:
| Amortization life (years) | Initial purchase price allocation at March 31, 2020 | Measurement period adjustments | Final purchase price allocation at December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | 0.5 | $ | — | $ | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 0.3 | — | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 7 | 2.4 | — | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology | 11 | 6.8 | — | 6.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | Indefinite | 10.7 | 0.2 | 10.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax asset | 0.4 | — | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets acquired | $ | 21.3 | $ | 0.3 | $ | 21.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities assumed | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total purchase price | $ | 21.1 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 21.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
The fair value of the customer relationships intangible assets was determined by applying the income approach through a discounted cash flow analysis, specifically a multi-period excess earnings method. The valuation was based on the present value of the net earnings attributable to the measured assets.
The fair value of the technology intangible assets was determined by applying the income approach; specifically, a relief from royalty method.
The value of the goodwill is primarily related to the acquired businesses’ capability associated with product development which provides opportunity to expand our products and services offerings as well as cost synergy generated from the combined business. The intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method. The amortization method reflects the timing of the benefits derived from each of the intangible assets.
The goodwill acquired was partially deductible for tax purposes.
Note 17 — Supplemental Financial Data
Other Non-Current Assets:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
Right of use assets (1) | $ | 53.1 | $ | 71.9 | |||||||
Prepaid pension assets (2) | 4.0 | 36.6 | |||||||||
| Investments | 24.9 | 27.2 | |||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 46.2 | 36.9 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 128.2 | $ | 172.6 | |||||||
(1)See Note 8 for further detail.
(2)Change from prior year reflected lower over-funded status for certain pension plans primarily due to lower plan asset value at December 31, 2022.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Other Accrued and Current Liabilities:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Accrued operating costs | $ | 122.1 | $ | 113.5 | |||||||
| Accrued interest expense | 4.3 | 12.6 | |||||||||
Short-term lease liability (1) | 17.7 | 26.0 | |||||||||
| Accrued income tax | 13.2 | 16.4 | |||||||||
Accrued liability related to the purchase of non-controlling interest (2) | 93.7 | — | |||||||||
Other accrued liabilities (3) | 65.8 | 29.8 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 316.8 | $ | 198.3 | |||||||
(1)See Note 8 for further detail.
(2)See further details below within this Note 17.
(3)Higher accrual was primarily due to higher swap liability (see Note 14 for further detail) and higher retention payments.
Other Non-Current Liabilities:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Deferred revenue - long term | $ | 13.9 | $ | 13.7 | |||||||
| U.S. tax liability associated with the 2017 Act | 39.3 | 44.6 | |||||||||
Long-term lease liability (1) | 43.9 | 59.4 | |||||||||
| Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits | 20.0 | 19.2 | |||||||||
| Other | 9.7 | 7.8 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 126.8 | $ | 144.7 | |||||||
(1)See Note 8 for further detail.
Property, Plant and Equipment - Net:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Land | $ | 7.7 | $ | 7.7 | |||||||
| Building and building improvement | $ | 63.3 | $ | 61.8 | |||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | 2.4 | 0.7 | |||||||||
| Net building and building improvement | $ | 60.9 | $ | 61.1 | |||||||
| Furniture and equipment | $ | 48.1 | $ | 38.2 | |||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | 27.0 | 19.5 | |||||||||
| Net furniture and equipment | $ | 21.1 | $ | 18.7 | |||||||
| Leasehold improvements | $ | 16.2 | $ | 16.6 | |||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | 9.0 | 7.3 | |||||||||
| Net leasehold improvements | $ | 7.2 | $ | 9.3 | |||||||
| Property, plant and equipment - net | $ | 96.9 | $ | 96.8 | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment depreciation and amortization expense was $13.1 million, $11.9 million and $9.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We also recorded impairment charges of $0.4 million, $0.2 million and $4.4 million included in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, primarily related to leasehold improvements for offices we ceased to occupy.
On June 30, 2021, we completed the purchase of an office building in Jacksonville, Florida for our new global headquarters, with a purchase price of $76.6 million, paid with cash on hand, inclusive of transaction costs of $0.1 million. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition. Total costs of the acquisition were allocated to tangible assets (e.g., land and building) and in-place lease intangible asset based on their relative fair values. The fair values of the land and building are measured as if the building was vacant. The approaches used to value the building components include the cost, sales comparison, and income capitalization approaches. The table below summarizes the allocation of the total purchase price.
| Weighted average amortization period (years) | Purchase price allocation | ||||||||||
| Land | Indefinite | $ | 7.7 | ||||||||
| Building | 53 | 57.3 | |||||||||
| Site improvements | 14 | 2.0 | |||||||||
| Tenant improvements | 9 | 2.5 | |||||||||
In place lease intangibles (1) | 9 | 7.1 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 76.6 | |||||||||
(1)Related to the acquired lease arrangement associated with the purchase of our headquarters office building in Jacksonville, Florida, reflecting value associated with avoiding the costs of originating an acquired lease.
Computer Software and Goodwill:
| Computer software | Goodwill | |||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | $ | 437.0 | $ | 2,857.9 | ||||||||||
Acquisition (3) | 79.3 | 675.6 | ||||||||||||
Additions at cost (1) (6) | 173.9 | — | ||||||||||||
| Amortization | (113.3) | — | ||||||||||||
| Impairment / Write-off | (4.3) | — | ||||||||||||
Other (2) | (15.2) | (40.2) | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | $ | 557.4 | $ | 3,493.3 | ||||||||||
Acquisition (3) | — | 1.3 | ||||||||||||
Additions at cost (1) (6) | 220.1 | — | ||||||||||||
| Amortization | (124.4) | — | ||||||||||||
| Impairment / Write-off | (1.3) | — | ||||||||||||
Other (2) | (20.0) | (63.3) | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | $ | 631.8 | $ | 3,431.3 | ||||||||||
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Other Intangibles:
| Customer relationships | Reacquired rights | Database | Other indefinite-lived intangibles (8) | Other intangibles | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2020 (4) | $ | 1,912.9 | $ | — | $ | 1,369.4 | $ | 1,275.8 | $ | 256.7 | $ | 4,814.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions (3) | 147.8 | 270.0 | 113.2 | — | 1.4 | 532.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additions at cost (5) | — | — | — | 4.2 | 7.6 | 11.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | (259.0) | (26.6) | (188.6) | — | (16.5) | (490.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
WWN Relationship transfer (7) | — | 64.7 | — | — | (64.7) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (2) | (8.4) | (23.4) | (8.9) | — | (3.1) | (43.8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2021 (4) | $ | 1,793.3 | $ | 284.7 | $ | 1,285.1 | $ | 1,280.0 | $ | 181.4 | $ | 4,824.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additions at cost (1) | — | — | — | — | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization | (240.3) | (18.7) | (173.8) | — | (16.9) | (449.7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (2) | (16.3) | (20.5) | (11.3) | — | (7.3) | (55.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2022 (4) | $ | 1,536.7 | $ | 245.5 | $ | 1,100.0 | $ | 1,280.0 | $ | 157.9 | $ | 4,320.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Primarily related to software-related enhancements on products.
(2)Primarily due to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
(3)Related to the acquisitions of Bisnode, Eyeota and NetWise for the year ended December 31, 2021. Amount for the year ended December 31, 2022 was related to the measurement period adjustments for Eyeota and NetWise.
(4)Customer Relationships—Net of accumulated amortization of $988.9 million and $755.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021, respectively.
Reacquired Rights—Net of accumulated amortization of $42.6 million and $25.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021, respectively.
Database—Net of accumulated amortization of $711.4 million and $540.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021, respectively.
Other Intangibles —Net of accumulated amortization of $59.1 million and $44.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021, respectively.
(5)Primarily related to the in-place lease intangibles of $7.1 million recognized associated with the building purchase for our new global headquarters office and an acquired indefinite-lived intangible asset of $4.2 million.
(6)Including $15.0 million non-cash investment of which $10.3 million and $4.7 million were reflected in "Other accrued and current liabilities" and "Other non-current liabilities", respectively, as of December 31, 2022. Including $7.9 million non-cash investment of which $0.9 million, $2.5 million and $4.5 million were reflected in "Other accrued and current liabilities", "Other non-current liabilities" and "Deferred income tax", respectively, as of December 31, 2021.
(7)Reclassification of the net book value of previously recognized WWN relationships intangible asset related to the Bisnode relationship to reacquired rights as a result of the Bisnode acquisition.
(8)Primarily related to the D&B trademark recognized in the Take-Private Transaction
The table below sets forth the future amortization as of December 31, 2022 associated with computer software and other intangibles:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Computer software | 146.6 | 140.2 | 128.2 | 87.8 | 61.1 | 67.9 | 631.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 223.2 | 205.2 | 187.4 | 169.6 | 151.8 | 599.5 | 1,536.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reacquired rights | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 151.5 | 245.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Database | 161.3 | 147.9 | 134.0 | 120.7 | 107.5 | 428.6 | 1,100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other intangibles | 16.6 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 77.3 | 157.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 566.5 | $ | 528.2 | $ | 484.5 | $ | 412.9 | $ | 355.0 | $ | 1,324.8 | $ | 3,671.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Allowance for Credit Risks:
| December 31, 2019 | $ | 7.6 | ||||||
| Additions charged to costs and expenses | 8.1 | |||||||
| Write-offs | (5.8) | |||||||
| Recoveries | 1.8 | |||||||
| Other | (0.3) | |||||||
| December 31, 2020 | $ | 11.4 | ||||||
| Additions charged to costs and expenses | 12.3 | |||||||
| Write-offs | (8.3) | |||||||
| Recoveries | 1.4 | |||||||
| Other | (0.3) | |||||||
| December 31, 2021 | $ | 16.5 | ||||||
| Additions charged to costs and expenses | 5.4 | |||||||
| Write-offs | (9.3) | |||||||
| Recoveries | 2.2 | |||||||
| Other | (0.5) | |||||||
| December 31, 2022 | $ | 14.3 | ||||||
Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance:
| January 1, 2020 | $ | 33.8 | ||||||
| Additions charged (credited) to costs and expenses | 0.5 | |||||||
| Additions charged (credited) due to foreign currency fluctuations | 2.3 | |||||||
| Additions charged (credited) to other accounts | — | |||||||
| December 31, 2020 | $ | 36.6 | ||||||
| Additions charged (credited) to costs and expenses | 4.2 | |||||||
| Additions charged (credited) due to foreign currency fluctuations | (1.6) | |||||||
| Additions charged (credited) to other accounts | 0.2 | |||||||
| December 31, 2021 | $ | 39.4 | ||||||
| Additions charged (credited) to costs and expenses | 0.6 | |||||||
| Additions charged (credited) due to foreign currency fluctuations | (3.0) | |||||||
| Additions charged (credited) to other accounts | — | |||||||
| December 31, 2022 | $ | 37.0 | ||||||
Non-Controlling Equity Interest:
On November 1, 2022, we purchased the non-controlling equity interest (“NCI”) of our China operations from a third-party entity for RMB 815.4 million, of which RMB 169.1 million, or $23.2 million was paid in November 2022. The remaining balance is expected to be paid within one year and is reported within “Other accrued and current liabilities” as of December 31, 2022. A portion of the liability will be settled with U.S. dollar and was revalued at the exchange rate as of December 31, 2022. We recognized a foreign exchange loss of $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the remaining liability was $93.7 million. The transaction was accounted for as an equity transaction among shareholders, and accordingly, no gain or loss was recognized in consolidated net income or comprehensive income. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interest was written off and the difference between the purchase price and the non-controlling interest of $73.8 million was recognized in additional paid in capital. As a result of the transaction, a cumulative translation adjustment of $3.8 million previously allocated to the NCI was reclassified to the parent entity, or D&B Holdings, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Other Income (Expense) — Net:
Other income (expense) - net was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
Non-operating pension income (expense) (1) | $ | 42.2 | $ | 53.7 | $ | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Change in fair value of make-whole derivative liability (2) | — | — | (32.8) | ||||||||||||||
Debt redemption premium (3) | (16.3) | (29.5) | (50.1) | ||||||||||||||
Miscellaneous other income (expense) – net (4) | (12.0) | (9.3) | 25.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense) – net | $ | 13.9 | $ | 14.9 | $ | (11.6) | |||||||||||
(1)Changes in year-over-year non-operating pension income was primarily attributable to changes in interest cost, driven by the fluctuation in discount rates.
(2)Related to the make-whole provision associated with the Series A Preferred Stock. See Note 1 for further detail.
(3)For the year ended December 31, 2022, debt redemption premium was related to the repayment of then-existing 6.875% Senior Secured Notes. For the year ended December 31, 2021, debt redemption premium was related to the repayment of then-existing 10.250% Senior Unsecured Notes. For the year ended December 31, 2020, $30.8 million was related to the partial repayment of then-existing 10.250% Senior Unsecured Notes and $19.3 million was related to the repayment of then-existing 6.875% Senior Secured Notes.
(4)The change in Miscellaneous Other Income - net for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily driven by fees incurred for the Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility, including fees for administrative responsibilities. See
Note 7 for further discussion. The change in Miscellaneous Other Income - net for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily driven by a gain recorded in the 2020 associated with the change in fair value related to the foreign currency collar we entered into in connection with the Bisnode acquisition and higher foreign currency exchange gains in the 2020 related to the revaluation of our intercompany loans.
Note 18 — Segment Information
Our segment disclosure is intended to provide the users of our consolidated financial statements with a view of the business that is consistent with management of the Company.
We manage our business and report our financial results through the following two segments:
•North America offers Finance & Risk and Sales & Marketing data, analytics and business insights in the United States and Canada; and
•International offers Finance & Risk and Sales & Marketing data, analytics and business insights directly in the U.K., Europe, Greater China and India and indirectly through our WWN alliances.
On January 8, 2021, we acquired 100% ownership of Bisnode and in November 2021, we acquired 100% ownership of Eyeota and NetWise (together "Eyeota/NetWise"). See Note 16 for further discussion. Financial results of Bisnode and Eyeota/NetWise have been included in our International segment and North America segment, respectively, since the respective acquisition dates.
We use EBITDA as the primary profitability measure for making decisions regarding ongoing operations. We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. excluding the following items: (i) depreciation and amortization; (ii) interest expense and income; (iii) income tax benefit or provision; (iv) other non-operating expenses or income; (v) equity in net income of affiliates; (vi) net income attributable to non-controlling interests; (vii) equity-based compensation; (viii) restructuring charges; (ix) merger and acquisition-related operating costs; (x) transition costs primarily consisting of non-recurring expenses associated with transformational and integration activities, as well as incentive expenses associated with our synergy program; and (xi) other adjustments primarily related to non-cash charges and gains, including impairment charges and adjustments as the result of the application of purchase accounting mainly related to the deferred commission cost amortization associated with the Take-Private Transaction and revenue adjustment associated with the Bisnode acquisition. In addition, other adjustments also include non-recurring charges such as legal expense associated with significant legal and regulatory matters. Our client solution sets are Finance & Risk and Sales & Marketing. Inter-segment sales are immaterial, and no single client accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||
| North America | $ | 1,587.1 | $ | 1,499.4 | $ | 1,460.0 | |||||||||||
| International | 637.5 | 671.0 | 299.8 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate and other (1) | — | (4.8) | (21.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 2,224.6 | $ | 2,165.6 | $ | 1,738.7 | |||||||||||
(1)Corporate and other includes revenue adjustment of $4.8 million recorded in accordance with GAAP to the International segment due to the timing of the completion of the Bisnode acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2021, deferred revenue purchase accounting adjustments recorded in accordance with GAAP related to the Take-Private Transaction and acquisitions of $21.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA: | |||||||||||||||||
| North America | $ | 718.0 | $ | 715.3 | $ | 696.2 | |||||||||||
| International | 202.2 | 194.1 | 91.0 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate and other (1) | (56.7) | (62.3) | (75.8) | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 863.5 | $ | 847.1 | $ | 711.4 | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (587.2) | (615.9) | (537.8) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense - net | (191.0) | (205.7) | (270.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends allocated to preferred stockholders | — | — | (64.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Benefit (provision) for income taxes | 28.8 | (23.4) | 112.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense) - net | 13.9 | 14.9 | (11.6) | ||||||||||||||
| Equity in net income of affiliates | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | (6.4) | (5.8) | (4.9) | ||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | (66.0) | (33.3) | (45.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | (20.5) | (25.1) | (37.3) | ||||||||||||||
| Merger and acquisition-related operating costs | (23.4) | (14.1) | (14.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Transition costs | (24.4) | (11.6) | (31.9) | ||||||||||||||
Other adjustments (2) | 7.9 | (1.5) | 10.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. | $ | (2.3) | $ | (71.7) | $ | (180.6) | |||||||||||
(1)Corporate and other includes revenue adjustment of $4.8 million recorded in accordance with GAAP to the International segment due to the timing of the completion of the Bisnode acquisition for the year ended December 31, 2021, deferred revenue purchase accounting adjustments recorded in accordance with GAAP related to the Take-Private Transaction and acquisitions of $21.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
(2)Adjustments for 2022, 2021 and 2020 were primarily related to non-cash purchase accounting adjustments for deferred commission costs associated with the Take-Private Transaction and non-recurring legal reserve adjustments related to the FTC matter in 2022 and 2021 and an environmental matter in 2020.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization: | |||||||||||||||||
| North America | $ | 71.4 | $ | 60.2 | $ | 46.3 | |||||||||||
| International | 15.0 | 12.1 | 8.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Total segments | 86.4 | 72.3 | 54.6 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate and other (1) | 500.8 | 543.6 | 483.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 587.2 | $ | 615.9 | $ | 537.8 | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures: | |||||||||||||||||
North America (2) | $ | 8.5 | $ | 81.1 | $ | 1.9 | |||||||||||
| International | 4.0 | 5.1 | 5.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total segments | 12.5 | 86.2 | 7.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 12.6 | $ | 86.3 | $ | 7.8 | |||||||||||
| Additions to computer software and other intangibles: | |||||||||||||||||
North America (3) | $ | 161.8 | $ | 144.0 | $ | 107.4 | |||||||||||
| International | 30.5 | 25.8 | 6.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Total segments | 192.3 | 169.8 | 113.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | 13.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 205.3 | $ | 170.7 | $ | 115.2 | |||||||||||
(1)Depreciation and amortization for Corporate and other includes incremental amortization resulting from the Take-Private Transaction and recent acquisitions.
(2)Higher capital expenditures for North America for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to the $76.6 million purchase of an office building for our new global headquarters in June 2021. See Note 17 for further discussion.
(3)In-place lease intangibles of $7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 related to the building purchase for our new global headquarters office are included in capital expenditures. See Note (2) above.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Supplemental Geographic and Customer Solution Set Information:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||
| North America | $ | 7,919.4 | $ | 8,232.2 | |||||||
| International | 1,552.5 | 1,765.0 | |||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 9,471.9 | $ | 9,997.2 | |||||||
| Goodwill: | |||||||||||
| North America | $ | 2,929.6 | $ | 2,928.4 | |||||||
| International | 501.7 | 564.9 | |||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 3,431.3 | $ | 3,493.3 | |||||||
| Other intangibles: | |||||||||||
| North America | $ | 3,805.7 | $ | 4,186.2 | |||||||
| International | 514.4 | 638.3 | |||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 4,320.1 | $ | 4,824.5 | |||||||
| Other long-lived assets (excluding deferred income tax): | |||||||||||
| North America | $ | 809.1 | $ | 713.4 | |||||||
| International | 191.5 | 229.5 | |||||||||
| Consolidated total | $ | 1,000.6 | $ | 942.9 | |||||||
| Total long-lived assets | $ | 8,752.0 | $ | 9,260.7 | |||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer Solution Set Revenue: | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
North America (1): | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance & Risk | $ | 866.9 | $ | 834.7 | $ | 811.2 | |||||||||||
| Sales & Marketing | 720.2 | 664.7 | 648.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total North America | $ | 1,587.1 | $ | 1,499.4 | $ | 1,460.0 | |||||||||||
| International: | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance & Risk | $ | 419.1 | $ | 430.3 | $ | 244.0 | |||||||||||
| Sales & Marketing | 218.4 | 240.7 | 55.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total International | $ | 637.5 | $ | 671.0 | $ | 299.8 | |||||||||||
| Corporate and other: | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance & Risk | $ | — | $ | (2.2) | $ | (10.8) | |||||||||||
| Sales & Marketing | — | (2.6) | (10.3) | ||||||||||||||
| Total Corporate and other | $ | — | $ | (4.8) | $ | (21.1) | |||||||||||
| Total Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||
| Finance & Risk | $ | 1,286.0 | $ | 1,262.8 | $ | 1,044.4 | |||||||||||
| Sales & Marketing | 938.6 | 902.8 | 694.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | $ | 2,224.6 | $ | 2,165.6 | $ | 1,738.7 | |||||||||||
(1)Substantially all of the North America revenue is attributable to the United States.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
Note 19 — Related Parties
The following describes certain transactions and agreements in which the Company and our affiliates, executive officers and certain directors are involved.
After the completion of the Take-Private Transaction on February 8, 2019, our parent entity was collectively controlled by entities affiliated with Bilcar, LLC ("Bilcar"), Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. ("THL"), Cannae Holdings, Inc. ("Cannae Holdings"), Black Knight, Inc. ("Black Knight") and CC Capital Partners LLC ("CC Capital"), collectively the "Investor Consortium." Subsequent to the close of the IPO and the concurrent private placement on July 6, 2020 (see Note 1 for further discussion), the Investor Consortium continues to be able to exercise significant voting influence over fundamental and significant corporate matters and transactions by their agreement to vote in favor of the election of five members of our board of directors.
Our Chief Executive Officer Anthony Jabbour also served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Black Knight until May 16, 2022, at which time he transitioned to the role of Executive Chairman of the board of Black Knight. Mr. Jabbour is also a member of the board of directors of Paysafe Limited ("Paysafe"). Additionally, William P. Foley II, our Chairman of the board, also serves as Chairman of Cannae Holdings and formerly served as Chairman of Black Knight. Richard N. Massey, a member of the Company’s board of directors, serves as Chief Executive Officer and as a director of Cannae Holdings. Certain of our key employees have dual responsibilities among the Investor Consortium.
In June 2021, we entered into a five-year agreement with Black Knight. Pursuant to the agreement, D&B will receive total data license fees of approximately $24 million over a five-year period. Also over the five-year period, Black Knight is engaged to provide certain products and data, as well as professional services for an aggregate fee of approximately $34 million. In addition, D&B and Black Knight will jointly market certain solutions and data. The agreement was approved by our Audit Committee. We incurred operating expenses of $2.0 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We recognized $4.6 million and $4.5 million of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We included payments to Black Knight of $2.7 million and $2.6 million within "Other prepaid" at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we included a receivable from Black Knight of $0.8 million within "Accounts receivable" and a liability to Black Knight of $2.6 million, of which $0.9 million was within "Other accrued and current liabilities" and $1.7 million was within "Other non-current liabilities." As of December 31, 2021, we included a receivable from Black Knight of $0.2 million within "Accounts receivable" and a liability to Black Knight of $3.4 million, of which $0.9 million was within "Other accrued and current liabilities" and $2.5 million was within "Other non-current liabilities."
On December 13, 2022, Paysafe signed a 63 month lease agreement with D&B for the occupancy of the fourth floor of our headquarters building in Jacksonville, Florida. Total rental payments over the lease term will aggregate to $4.2 million.
In September 2021, we entered into a 10-year agreement with Paysafe. Pursuant to the agreement, D&B provides data license and risk management solution services to Paysafe. The agreement is cancellable by either party without penalty at each annual anniversary of the contract effective date by providing written notice not less than 90 days prior to the anniversary date. The agreement was approved by our Audit Committee. In connection with the agreements associated with Paysafe, we recognized revenue of $10.4 million and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we included a receivable from Paysafe of $3.6 million and $4.1 million, respectively, within "Accounts receivable." We recorded a liability to Paysafe of $0.1 million at December 31, 2022 within "Other non-current liabilities" and a liability to Paysafe of $1.2 million at December 31, 2021 within "Other accrued and current liabilities."
In connection with the IPO transaction, the Originating Sponsors agreed to waive certain anti-dilution rights they had pursuant to the Star Parent Partnership Agreement and to terminate such provision following the offering. In exchange for such waiver and termination, we made a payment of $30.0 million to the Originating Sponsors upon the closing of the IPO transaction on July 6, 2020. In addition, on June 30, 2020, each of Mr. Foley and Mr. Chu received options to purchase 2,080,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price. The options were fully vested upon grant. The options were valued at $20.0 million, which was reflected in "Selling and administrative expenses" for the year ended December 31, 2020.
In connection with and immediately subsequent to the closing of the IPO, a subsidiary of Cannae Holdings, a subsidiary of Black Knight and affiliates of CC Capital purchased a total of 18,458,700 shares of common stock from us in a private placement at a price per share equal to 98.5% of the IPO price of $22.00 per share for proceeds of $200.0 million, $100.0 million and $100.0 million, respectively.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
(Tabular dollar amounts, except share data and per share data, in millions)
On January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a three-year service agreement with Trasimene Capital Management, LLC (the “Advisor”), an entity affiliated with Cannae Holdings, and controlled by Mr. Foley. The agreement is subject to renewal. Pursuant to the agreement, the Advisor provides the Company strategic advisory services, in exchange for transaction fees that are calculated based on 1% of the value of each transaction for which the Advisor performs services. Under the service agreement, the Company is also obligated to reimburse the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Advisor. We did not incur costs associated with this agreement in both 2022 and 2021. We incurred costs of $0.4 million for transaction fees to the Advisor for the year ended December 31, 2020.
In the normal course of business, we reimburse affiliates for certain travel costs incurred by Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. executives and board members.
Note 20 — Contractual Obligations
Technology, Data and Other Service Agreements
We have various contractual commitments in the normal course of business primarily related to information technology and data processing service, technology support for product application development and global system maintenance. The purchase obligation as of December 31, 2022 is approximately $1,599 million.
Worldwide Network Alliance Agreements
We have entered into commercial service agreements with our third-party Worldwide Network Alliances with various terms ranging from five to 10 years. These agreements provide us access to certain international data and services from our partners in order to serve our global clients. Effective January 1, 2020, we renegotiated our agreements with our Worldwide Network Alliances, which expanded our buying capacity. At December 31, 2022, total payments to our Worldwide Network Alliances over the remaining terms of all agreements aggregate to approximately $492 million.
The following table quantifies our future contractual obligations as discussed above as of December 31, 2022:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments to purchase obligations | $ | 356.7 | $ | 276.1 | $ | 251.3 | $ | 253.9 | $ | 216.9 | $ | 736.2 | $ | 2,091.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The table above excludes our obligations with respect to debt, accounts receivable securitization facility, leases, contingent liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits and pension obligations for which funding requirements are uncertain. Our obligations with respect to debt, accounts receivable securitization facility, leases, contingent liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits, and pension obligations are described in Notes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, respectively, to our consolidated financial statements.
Note 21 — Subsequent Event
On February 9, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share of common stock. The dividend will be payable on March 16, 2023, to shareholders of record as of March 2, 2023.